| Opisina arenosella Walker is an invasive pest that pests palm plants. August 2013 O. arenosella was first discovered in Hainan, China, then in Guangdong,Guangxi and other places have been found in the insect damage. Bracon adoxophyesi Minamikawa is an important natural enemy of O. arenosella. In order to understand the living habits of the parasitic wasps and use of this advantage natural enemies resources for biological control, the authors explored and studied the biological habits and ecology of the genus Monascus. The result of this study will provide a theoretical basis for B. adoxophyesi scale breeding and its application in forest. the main research results are as follows:1. Describe the morphology of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults.2. B. adoxophyesi eclosion mating and oviposition behaviors were observed.Results showed that the pupae of B. adoxophyesi eclosioning mainly occured in the daytime (6:00-18:00) and eclosion rate was 82.98%. The pupae of B. adoxophyesi eclosion peaked from 10:00 to 12:00 throughout the day and eclosion rate was 23.98%. By contrast, the duration of eclosion process is shorter, only lasting 8-30 min.The process of mating includes three stages, preparing, mating, and completion.Female and male can have multiple mating throughout its lifetime and females can lay eggs after mating. The process of oviposition includes host searching, host checking and accepting, feeding or ovipositing, completion and carding. Unmated females can also oviposit and their offsprings are drones.3. Under laboratory conditions of T:28?±1?, RH:60%±5% and photoperiod 12h:12h, the selection of different parasitism ages of the larvae was studied. The results showed that the larvae of 6-8 larvae could be parasitic to different degrees and the larvae of the 7-8th instar larvae were significantly higher than those of the 6th instar larvae. The parasitic rate is from high to low 8 instar larvae (46.75%), 7 instar larvae (41.37%) and 6 instar larvae (18.36%). The lethality rate is from high to low: 7 instar larvae (72.48%), 8 instar larvae (72.88%), 6 instar larvae (8.36.4%), 5 instar larvae (37.84%), 4 instar larvae (15.44%), 3 instar larvae (13.26%), 2 instar larvae(6.77%) and 1 instar larvae (8.45%). B. adoxophyesi can not parasitic young larvae,but can paralyze or suck the young larvae of the body fluids to death. There were significant differences in the search time of the larvae of different age, and the search for the 7th and 8th instar larvae was the shortest, and the search for the larval larvae was longer.4. In the above laboratory conditions,the development of the progeny of parasites in different ages was studied. The results showed that the larvae of the host age had a significant effect on the suitability of the offspring (P<0.05). The pupae rate and eclosion rate increased with the increase of parasite age. The pupae rate and eclosion rate of parasitic wasps were significantly higher in parasitism 7-8th instar larvae than that of parasitic third instar larvae. While the developmental period of the parasitic wasps decreased with the increase of the larvae of the parasites, and the developmental period of the offspring was the shortest. The size of the offspring was increased with increasing parasitism. In the pairing selection experiment, B.adoxophyesi was more like the 7th instar larvae,followed by the 8th instar larvae,but the difference was not significant. and the 6th instar larvae were not preferred. The results showed that the older larvae of O. arenosella were more favorable for the growth development.5. Supplemental nutrition has a significant effect on the life B. Adoxophyesi.Appropriate to add parasites such as honey, water, sugar and other nutrients, will increase the life of parasitic wasps and the amount of fecundity. The results showed that the life span of female was significantly higher than that of male and female.Whether the parasitoids provides sucrose, honey, glucose or water, the life of the B.adoxophyesi showed a simultaneous increase or decrease. When supplemented with 10% sucrose water,the average life parasitoids is 10.9±2.1 days. The average total fecundity of females at 10% honey water was the highest, reaching 70.9±3.3 tablets.6. To evaluate the control efficacy of aphid parasitoid B. adoxophyesi against O.arenosella biological characteristics of B. adoxophyesi including developmental duration, breeding potential were measured under laboratory conditions and described,and the life table of B. adoxophyesi and O. arenosella were established. The net reproduction rate(Ro), mean generation time(T), intrinsic rate(rm) and finite rate of increase(?) were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the R0, T, rm and ?of B. adoxophyesi and O. arenosella were 7.62, 8.85 d, 0.0463, 1.0543 and 8.22, 57.46 d, 0.0351,1.0389, respectively. B. adoxophyesihad higher reproductive speed compared and stronger parasitism ability with O. Arenosella. In addition, the shorter generation time of B. adoxophyesihad implied that the wasp has a high potential in control O. arenosella.7. Functional response of B. adoxophyesi to O. arenosella was studied. The result show that functional responses of B. adoxophyesi to O. arenosella could be described very well by holling disc equation ?,the model was Na=1.0631N/(1+1.0631N). The maximum parasitical amount and the optimum searching density were 9.54 and 4.39,respectively. The searching efficiency was decreased with the increase of the density of Opisina arenosell and their mathematic model was E=1.063/(1+0.1061N). The inter-disturbance model was E=0.46P-0.586. The models concerned provides scientific support for evaluation of the control effect of B. adoxophyesi to O. arenosella. |
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