Research And Application Of New Cultivation Techniques Of Tomato

Tomato(Lycopers icon esculentum Mill.),a annual or perennial herb,belonging to subgenus Solaum of Solanaceae.Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world,and also the main facilities of vegetables.Now,we use string method and bamboo shelf method to cultivate tomato,this two methods both have merits and demerits respectively,new cultivate method is rare.Tomato as main facilities of vegetables,be faced with many soil problems,such as soil secondary salinization,soil acidification and nutrient imbalance,but new soil amendment is rarely used in actual production Therefore,For these reason,a new special vertically trellis be designed,and use biochar as soil amendment.The main results are as follows:1.A new special vertically trellis for cultivate tomato was invented.This frame be composed of 14 dismountable assembly unit,and can adapt different cultivation conditions by adjust its assembly unit.The experiment took place in three different place in south of China:a plastic tunnel greenhouse,a plastic multispan greenhouse and open field.Cherry tomato' Moscatel RZ' and tomato 'zhongyan988' were used as expermental material.To'zhongyan988',we use new vertically trellis,string and bamboo shelf method to cultivate;To 'Moscatel RZ',we use new vertically trellis and string method.By this experiment,we can explore usable range and effect of the new vertically trellis.The results shown that when under plastic multispan greenhouse conditions,the yield of 'zhongyan988'was higher to use new vertically trellis method than use bamboo shelf method,but made no significant differences with string method.The yield of 'Moscatel RZ' was higher to use new string method than use new vertically trellis method.When under other cultivation conditions,different cultivation method made no significant differences.The trellis culture frame can be used for a long time.The characteristics of disassembly let it easily to carry,and can increase fruit clusters of tomato.2.To determine the tomato cultivate proper spacing of new vertically trellis and the difference between string method and new vertically trellis method,we use the two cultivate method to investigate the effects of different planting spacing on growth,yield and quality of tomato.The experiment took place in a plastic tunnel greenhouse in south of China.Cherry tomato 'Moscatel RZ' and tomato 'zhongyan988' were used as expermental materiaLWe use new vertically trellis and string method to cultivate tomato.The experiment was designed with three row spacing:20cm(Tl),30cm(T2),40cm(T3).The results shown that with the increase of density,stem diameter,specific leaf weight,total chlorophyll content,weight of per fruit and yield of per plant decreased,but plant height increased.Density was no significant effects on net photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance and fruit quality.To 'Moscatel RZ',under the T1 density,the yield is 6757.96 kg·667m-2,higher than use string method than use new vertically trellis method,under T2 and T3,the yield of two methods was no significant differences.To 'zhongyan988',under T1 and T2,the yield of two methods was no significant differences,under T3,the yield was higher to use new vertically trellis method than use string method.Fruit quality can not be promoted by use new vertically trellis method.In conclusion,To 'Moscatel RZ' and'zhongyan988',the optimal spacing is 20cm3.The experiment took place in a plastic multispan greenhouse in south of China.Cherry tomato was used as experimental material Effects of biochar application amount on soil properties and on yield and quality of tomato were investigated for a scientific basis for the effective utilization of biochar on vegetable production.A field experiment was carried out with 3 biochar disposal:200kg·667 m-2(T1),400kg·667m-2(T2),600kg·667m-2(T3)and without biochar as control(CK).The results shown that biochar application could improve soil organic carbon,soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium content.Biochar application could also improve soil invertase activity and soil urease activity and soil neutral phosphatase activity,and the soil invertase activity of T1 was always the highest,the latter two enzymatic activity of T1 increased at later stage,and become the highest.Fruit setting rate raise and mummy fruit rate decline after biochar application.Meanwhile,the yield of tomato fruit was increased signifcantly,T1 was the optimal,the yield is 5157.99 kg·667m-2.But biochar could not raise nutritional quality,the sugar acid ratio was decline.In conclusion,biochar can enhance soil properties,such as soil organic carbon,Soil nutrient and some soil enzymatic activities,then fruit setting rate raise and mummy fruit rate decline,at last increase production,the optimal amount of biochar is 200kg·667m-2.