Population Genetic Analysis Of Endosperm Starch Synthesis Related Genes In Maize

Maize is an importent grain crop in the world,and maize is in the form of carbohydrates(mainly starch)in the form of energy to store the seeds of the seeds,so starch is the most important component of maize kernels.At present,the chemical properties,biosynthetic pathway and molecular mechanism of maize endosperm starch have been studied deeply,but the evolution of key genes of maize starch synthesis pathway is less reported.With the rapid development of maize genome research and the successive completion of maize germplasm sequencing,it is possible to analyze the genetic differences between cultivated maize and wild type maize from the perspective of population evolution.This study first combines the whole genome data of 68 cultivated maize and 20 wild maize,secondly,we further selected the three key genes,ZmAGPL2,ZmGBSSI and ZmSSIIa genes,were used to study the nucleotide polymorphisms and neutral tests of 28 common maize,13 sweet maize,19 waxy maize coding regions and noncoding regions.The main findings are as follows:1.Nucleotide polymorphism analysis of 19 genes related to starch synthesis of 68 cultivated maize was carried out.Based on the wild type maize re-sequencing data,It was found that the nucleotide of the wild-type maize endosperm starch synthesis related gene The polymorphism was much higher than that of cultivated maize,and the variation frequency of the coding region of cultivated maize and wild maize was lower than that of non-coding region and UTR region,and the gene of different maize lines Sequence variation analysis also complies with this result.2.The neutral analysis of wild maize and cultivated maize showed that the ZmAGPS1 a gene was significantly deviated from the neutral evolution model in the HKA test of cultivated maize and wild maize,indicating that the ZmAGPS1 a gene was selected in the process of domestication of maize,In the analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms of cultivated maize,the whole gene of ZmAGPS1 a was confirmed indirectly and indirectly.3.The neutral test of different maize lines showed that the Tajima's D and Fu and Li's D and F values of the maize ZmSS?a gene were significantly greater than 0,which deviated from the neutral evolution model,indicating that the ZmSSIIa gene could lead to the relationship between the sweet maize population and other cultivated maize A difference in the selection of a locus.In addition,the ZmAGPL2 gene is very conserved in the sweet maize population.4.The MK test showed that GBSS?,SS?b,SBE? and ISA2 genes were significantly deviated from the neutral evolution model.Meanwhile,the MK test of the gene between sorghum and different maize lines showed that GBSS? was significantly deviated from neutral Evolutionary model.Indicating that the GBSS ? gene is likely to be an important gene in the differentiation of maize and sorghum.