| The maize planting zone in Heilongjiang Province is located in the corn area in the north of Northeast China.It belongs to a national important commodity grain base and undertakes the important mission of ensuring the national food security.Natural rainfall is the main water resources available in arid agriculture area of Northeast China,but most of them are mainly in the form of rainstorm or light rain,which weakens the effectiveness of water absorption by crops.Therefore,the shortage of water resources is the main problem faced by agricultural production in arid areas of northern China.Uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,frequent seasonal drought and uneven water distribution in crop growth period are the main limiting factors for developing maize planting area and increasing maize yield.Water retaining agent,straw mulching and soil membrane mulching drought-resistant soil moisture conservation measures are often used in agricultural production drought-resistant cultivation soil moisture conservation measures,which are also the main agricultural measures to reduce soil moisture evapotranspiration loss.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the effects of different drought-resistant and soil moisture conservation measures on the water consumption law of maize under the condition of regulated deficit irrigation,to the application of soil moisture conservation and deficit regulation technology in cold regions and the development of efficient water-saving agriculture.It provides theoretical basis for rational planning of maize irrigation pattern.According to the measured practically data of the tube test in 2016,the tested materials are corn as"Qiangsheng 31",with water absorbent(S),straw mulching(G),soil membrane mulching(M)soil moisture conservation treatment and no soil moisture conservation(K)treatment and W1.W2.W3.W4 regulated deficit treatment and W5 sufficient moisture treatment were used to test the tube,and the methods of comparative analysis and statistical analysis were used,to study the responses of maize growth physiology,yield and water use efficiency to degree of water deficit under different soil moisture conservation measures and deficit regulation irrigation.In order to provide technical support for rational and efficient utilization of agricultural water resources in Heilongjiang Province,the effect test research of increasing the crop yield and water use efficiency of maize were studied through the soil moisture conservation measures and deficit regulation irrigation optimal combination.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Under different soil moisture conservation and deficit regulation treatments,the agronomic characters of maize were as follows:the overall tendency is that the plant height of maize increased equally rapidly from seedling stage to jointing stage,increased slowly from jointing stage to heading stage,the plant height of maize basically reached the maximum at heading stage,and remained unchanged basically during the filling stage.The stability of M-deficit regulation treatment on the effect of maize plant height was better than that of S-deficit regulation treatment and G-deficit regulation treatment during the whole growth period.The diameter of maize stem increased rapidly from seedling stage to jointing stage,increased slowly from jointing stage to heading stage,the diameter of maize stem basically reached the roughest at heading stage,and there exists the condition that the diameter of maize stem changed to thin during the filling stage.The leaf area of maize increased rapidly from seedling stage to jointing stage,the leaf area of maize basically reached the maximum at jointing stage,decreased partially in heading stage,and basically remained unchanged at filling stage.The plant height of maize was under the condition of water retaining agent,straw and mulching film are respectively W2,W1,W1,the promoting effect was the best;the diameter of maize stem was under the condition of water absorbent,straw and plastic film mulching are respectively W5,W3,W2,the promoting effect was the best;the leaf area of maize was under the condition of water retaining agent,straw and mulching film are respectively W2,W4,W1,the promoting effect was the best.(2)Under different soil moisture conservation and deficit regulation treatments,net photosynthesis rate Pn in maize growth period,transpiration rate E and instantaneous water use efficiency of maize leaf WUE instantaneous'overall performance is as follows:the net photosynthetic rate of maize is about 30?mol/(m2·s);transpiration rate of maize is about 3 mmol/(m2·s)at the seedling stage,jointing stage and tasseling stage,the transpiration rate of maize is about 5 mmol/(m2·s)at filling stage.The net photosynthetic rate of seedling stage,jointing stage,heading stage and filling stage increased at first and then decreased slightly,and the net photosynthetic rate at jointing stage and heading stage was basically the same.The transpiration rate of seedling stage and jointing stage increased slightly at first,and the transpiration rate of jointing stage and heading stage was basically similar,but both are lower than that of filling stage.The instantaneous water use efficiency of maize leaves at the seedling stage,jointing stage and heading stage was 10~18?mol/mmol,and it was about 6?mol/mmol at the filling period.There have significant differences in net photosynthetic rate PN between S-regulated deficit treatment,G-regulated deficit control treatment and M-regulated deficit treatment at seedling stage,but there have no significant differences at jointing stage,heading stage and filling stage.There have significant differences in transpiration rate E between seedling stage,jointing stage and heading stage,S-regulated deficit treatment,G-regulated deficit treatment and M-regulated deficit treatment,but there have no significant differences in filling stage.(3)The water consumption of maize is different in different growth periods,and the water consumption of maize is also different among different treatments.The performance of water consumption,yield and water use efficiency in the whole growth period of maize under different soil moisture conservation and deficit regulation treatments were as follows:compared with the effects of soil moisture conservation treatment and deficit regulation treatment on water consumption in the whole growth period of maize,the method is mainly deficit regulation treatment.The water consumption of maize under the treatment of W5 regulating deficit was higher than that of other treatments on average.As a whole,the water consumption of maize treated with S,G and M was in accordance with the law of decreasing in turn.The economic yield of maize was 14000~17 000kg/hm~2,and the economic yield of maize treated by S,G and M accorded with the increasing rule in turn.The effect of deficit regulation treatment at seedling stage on maize economic yield under S treatment was greater than that at jointing stage and filling stage,but the effect of deficit regulation treatment at seedling stage on maize economic yield under G treatment was less than that at jointing stage and filling stage,contrary to the treatment of water absorbent.On the whole,the water use efficiency of the whole growth period maize in deficit regulation treatment was higher than that in control treatment on average.In the case of deficit regulation treatment alone,the water use efficiency of maize increased in turn with W 1.W 2.W 3.W4 treatment,and in the case of soil moisture conservation treatment alone,the water use efficiency of maize increased in turn with G,S,M treatment.Therefore,the effects of different soil moisture conservation measures and deficit regulation irrigation treatments on the growth physiology,yield and water use efficiency of maize were analyzed in the light of the experimental study on the rules of corn water consumption under the conditions of soil moisture conservation treatment and deficit regulation irrigation.It is of great significance for the technology application of soil moisture conservation and deficit regulation in cold regions,the utilization of straw resources and the development of efficient water-saving agriculture,and provides the theoretical basis for rational planning of maize irrigation mode. |
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