Application Of Unconwentional Feed Resources And Study On Typical Dietary Formula On Beef Cattle Fattening

There are very rich resources of unconventional feeds in our country,while can used for animal production after processing,However,some unconventional feed resources utilization rate is still low or not developed at present.Therefore,it is very important for animal production to prepare daily food formula that can meet the nutritional needs of beef cattle according to the nutritional value of available feed resources.Based on the current situation of utilization of beef cattle feed resources in China,the following experiments were carried out:Experiment one:The influence of different roughage combinations on growth performance,digestion and blood biochemical parameters of beef cattle were investigated by using 28 hybrid cattle in 4 groups for 70 days.Results:1)there were no significant differences in ADG among four diets(P>0.05),2)TDM intake of Control group was significantly lower than other three treatments significantly(P<0.05),while Dry matter digestibility was converse(P<0.05);3)The feed cost of the control group was the highest(20.8 yuan/head*day-1).Gross profit was the lowest(20.8 yuan/head*day-1),respectively lower than Group 1(11.9 yuan/head*day-1),Group 2(11.3 yuan/head*day-1)and Group 3(10.8 yuan/head*day-1)13.9%,9.5%and 5.5%;4)There were no significant differences exist in blood serum parameters among treatments(P>0.05),while serum urea nitrogen of Control group was greatly decreased compared with Group 1(P<0.05).In conclusion,Roughage combination improved the feed intake and did not affect the production performance of beef cattle,The combination of silage corn and silage yellow corn with a ratio of 2:3 was the best.?Experiment two:The influence of three different dietary energy levels on growth performance,digestion and blood biochemical parameters of beef cattle were investigated by using hybrid cattle.Results:1)There was no significant differences in ADG among three groups(P>0.05);Dry matter intake and DMD of each diet was in following descending order:HE group>ME group>LE group,while F/G was just the opposite;2)Ruminal pH values before feeding of HE group was the lowest(P>0.05),while there were no significant differences among three groups(P>0.05);Ruminal pH values after feeding 2.5h and 6h of HE group were lower than ME group(P>0.05),but both were significantly lower than LE group(P<0.05);3)Feed costs of High energy group(18.5yuan/head*day-1)was the highest,Gross profit of low energy group(8.3 yuan/head*day-1)was the lowest,respectively lower than high energy group(15.4 yuan/head*day-1)and medium energy group(13.9 yuan/head*day-1)46%and 40%;4)There were no difference in any blood biochemical parameters among the three groups.In conclusion,Increasing energy level improved feed intake,DMD and economic benefits,Moreover,the dietary energy level at(6.17-6.58)MJ/kg is conducive to weight gain of beef cattle.Experiment three:This experiment adopted high-throughout sequencing technology and metabolomics based on 16SrRNA and GC-MS analysis respectively to study ruminal changes of microbial floras and metabolites in HE group and LE group,results indicated that there was significant difference in rumen microbial diversity of two diets(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of the advantage flora vary between two diets,There is also a strong positive/negative correlation between microbial floras and its metabonomics.Experiment four:The influence of using Maize bran+Palm Kernel Cake and DDGS+Cassava dregs as concentrate,elephant grass,brewer's grains and chrysanthemum meal as roughage forage for water buffalo on growth performance,digestion,rumen fermentation and blood biochemical parameters of buffalo were investigated by using hybrid buffalo.Results:1)There was no significant differences in ADG and DMI among three diets(P>0.05);2)DM,ADF,NDF Digestibility of each group was in following descending order:Group 2>Control group>Group 1(P<0.05),while CP Digestibility of Group 2 was higher than Control group(P>0.05),both were significantly higher than Group 1(P<0.05);3)There was no significant difference among three treatments of ruminal pH values(P>0.05);Acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,isopentric acid and total volatile fatty acids of Group 2 were lower than Group 1(P>0.05),but both were significantly lower than Control group(P<0.05);The ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of Control group was lower than Group 1(P>0.05),but both were significantly lower than Group 1(P<0.05);4)Feed costs of Control group(17.5yuan/head*day-1)was the highest,Gross profit of Group 1(7.5 yuan/head*day-1)was the lowest,respectively lower than Group 2(11.lyuan/head*day-1)and Control group(8.8yuan/head*day-1)32.7%and15.1%;5)TG of Group 1 was significantly higher than of Control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,brewer's grains and chrysanthemum meal can used as roughage forage for water buffalo,and DDGS and Cassava dregs combined as buffalo concentrates with a ratio of 9.24%respectively reduced the feed cost effectively and increased the economic effect,While the best composition of Maize bran and Palm Kernel Cake used as buffalo concentrate needs to be further optimized.Experiment five:The influence of replacing Palm Kernel Cake and Soybean hull with corn on growth performance,digestion and rumen fermentation of cattle were investigated by using hybrid beef.Results:1)There were no significant differences of ADG and dry matter intak among four treatments(P>0.05);2)Apparent digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,starch,crude protein and total energy was significantly higher than experimental group(P<0.05),while neutral detergent fiber(NDF)was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05);3)Significant differences were found between acetic acid,isobutyric acid,acetic acid/propionic acid and isopentric acid(P<0.05).while there was no significant difference among four treatments of ruminal pH values,Other VFAs,total VFA and NH3-N(P>0.05)4)Feed costs of Control group(31.8yuan/head*day-1)was the highest,Gross profit of Group 2(6.6 yuan/head*day-1)was the lowest,respectively lower than Group 1(7.7yuan/head*day-1),Control group(8.3yuan/head*day-1)and Group 3(9.2yuan/head*day-1)13.3%?20.1%and 27.5%;In conclusion,replacing Palm Kernel Cake or Soybean hull with Corn with a ratio of 24.5%respectively and together had no effect on weight gain but can reduce feed costs,In addition had the best economic benefit when Palm Kernel Cake and Soybean hull combined with a ratio of 24.5%respectively at later stage of intensive fattening.