Effects Of The Conversion Of Orchard To Forest Program On Farmers' Sustainable Livelihoods And Ecosystem Service Dependence

In recent decades,due to the unprecedented large-scale activities of human beings,the overexploitation of ecological resources and the destruction of the ecological environment have caused irreversible ecological effects.2/3 of the ecological services on the earth are declining or degraded,which has great impact on the well-being of human beings.Before and after 2000,the state invested a large amount of funds to implement large-scale ecological construction to improve ecological services and human well-being,aimed at achieving a win-win goal of environmental protection and poverty reduction.In recent years,scholars around the world have focused on the assessment of human well-being and ecosystem services at the regional and different time scales,in order to better maintain the ecosystem service function,and to eliminate the well-being of the poor people is also more meaningful.This paper focuses on the reforestation project,taking the Dongjiang source area in the Gannan ecological barrier area as a case.The research contents include the following four aspects.Based on the existing DIFD Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and the livelihoods of farmers in the Dongjiang source area,this paper adjusts the framework of the sustainable livelihoods of DIFD to make it more suitable for the framework of sustainable livelihoods analysis for farmers in the Dongjiang source.Using the survey data in the Dongjiang source area,the differences in the income and dependence of the ecosystem services of the characteristic families who participated in the return forest and the non-participation of the returning forest farmers were compared and analyzed.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The Conversion of Orchard to Forest Land significantly changed the livelihoods,livelihoods and livelihoods of local farmers.Farmers who participated in the fruit reforestation program had more material capital and social capital,increased the diversity of planting industry,migrant workers and migrant workers' income.The project of returning fruit to forest has directly led to the change of land use mode: from the former fruit tree to the economic forest.(2)After the implementation of the project,the timber consumption and theexpenditure of education increased.(3)Non participation households get more total net income than the participants.From the various indicators,it can be seen that the non participating households in the supply service,cultural services are beyond the participation of the households,but in the social economy,the benefit of regulating services is lower than the participation of the households.Families with large amounts of natural capital gain more benefits from the ecosystem,which will depend more on ecosystem services.The higher the age is,the more dependent on the ecosystem.