Study On The Quality Evaluation And Pharmacological Effect Of Scutellaria Baicalensis On Different Origins And Cultivation Years

Scutellaria baicalensis is a dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,which is commonly used as Chinese herbal medicine.It is widely used in the treatment of clinical diseases.Due to the remarkable efficacy and extensive use of S.baicalensis,wild S.baicalensis was over-excavated,resulting in a scarcity of medicinal resources of S.baicalensis.So,many regions has began to introduce and cultivate S.baicalensis.However,because of the different origins and cultivation years,the quality and clinical effects of S.baicalensis were enormous different in each origins.Therefore,it is very important to analysis the quality difference of S.baicalensis from different origins and explore the influence factors of the quality and efficacy of S.baicalensis.In this paper,the effects of ecological factors on the active components of S.baicalensis were studied by analyzing the active ingredients,antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of S.baicalensis on six major origins and different cultivation years all over the country.Furthermore,from the two aspects of antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity,analysis of pharmacological effects of S.baicalensis could provide a theoretical basis for the standardized production and extensive clinical use of S.baicalensis.The main research results are as follows:1.According to"Chinese Pharmacopoeia",the contents of water,total ash and alcoholic leachate of 22 samples of S.baicalensis were determined,and the quality of S.baicalensis on different origins and cultivation years was analyzed.The results showed that the water content of S.baicalensi from all origins were reached the standards of the Pharmacopoeia,but the total ash content of the biennial planting-Shangluo,Shaanxi,quadrennial planting-Shangluo,Shaanxi and biennial planting-Weifang,Shandong were higher than the pharmacopoeial standards.The annual total of ash in annual planting-Dingxi,Gansu,biennial planting-Dingxi,Gansu and annual planting-Rehe,Hebei were lower than the pharmacopoeial standards.There is a enormous difference between the quality of S.baicalensis on different origins and cultivation years.It is necessary to increase the check on the quality of medicinal materials and reasonably standardize the cultivation of medicinal materials.2.Effective components in S.baicalensis were extracted by ultrasonic method,and HPLC was used to detect four active ingredients in S.baicalensis.Moreover,S.baicalensis fingerprint was established by using the"Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system（2012 version）".The results showed the four bioactive ingredient concentrations and total flavonoid yields of S.baicalensis on different origins and growth durations were evidently different;Compared with other regions,the content of baicalin was the highest in annua planting-Weifang,Shandong,the contents of wogonoside,wogonin and oroxylin A were the highest in biennial planting-Changzhi,Shanxi.Moreover,rehe Hebei wild S.baicalensis total flavonoids yields was the highest.Quality evaluation of S.baicalensis was established,and different samples had higher fingerprint similarities.Thus,the combination of HPLC and traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint provided effective basis to evaluate quality of S.baicalensis comprehensively.Through correlation analysis,it was found that there were correlations among the four active ingredients.baicalin and wogonin were significantly negatively correlated,and baicalein was significantly positively correlated with wogonin and oroxylin A.In addition,there was a very significant positive correlation between wogonin and oroxylin A,and there was a significant positive correlation between total flavonoids and baicalin.So,the four components are mutually transformed and interact with each other.3.Through correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis of active ingredients and ecological factors,it was found that there are correlations between the four active ingredients of S.baicalensis and environment.Oroxylin A was significantly negatively correlated with annual maximum temperature,annual average water vapor longitude,and mean air temperature pressure.General flavone was positively correlated with annual average water vapor longitude.Indicating that ecological factors have an impact on the accumulation of flavonoids in S.baicalensis.It is important to reasonable select the place and season for planting and harvesting and improve the quality of S.baicalensis.4.Using DPPH and ABTS to analyze the antioxidant activity of S.baicalensis,the antioxidant activity of S.baicalensis in different origins and cultivation years was different.The antioxidative activity of S.baicalensis from Shandong and Shanxi is strong.The antioxidative activity of S.baicalensis from Shangluo Shaanxi is weak,and the annual antioxidant activity of S.baicalensis is stronger than that of perennial S.baicalensis.At the same time,the correlation analysis showed that the antioxidant activity of S.baicalensis was closely related to flavonoids,and the content of baicalin was significantly negatively correlated with the IC₅₀0 values of DPPH and ABTS,indicating that the antioxidant activity and baicalin content of S.baicalensis s were extremely significant positive correlation.Therefore,the antioxidant activity of S.baicalensis increases with the increase of baicalin content.5.The filter paper and double dilution method were used to analyze the inhibitory effect of S.baicalensis on bacteria and fungi,including Candida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.S.baicalensis had different degrees of inhibitory effect on four kinds of bacteria in different origins and cultivation years,and the antibacterial effect increased with the increase of extract concentration.The extract of S.baicalensis had the best inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.Higher concentrations of S.baicalensis extract also had inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli.Among them,the extract of S.baicalensis from the Dingxi Gansu had the strongest inhibitory effect in four kinds of bacteria.It showed that S.baicalensis had a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and strong inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi and can be widely used in clinical practice.