| Octodonta nipae(Maulik)(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae),originating from Malaysia,is one of the major invasive pests in China.This insect mainly spread by means of short-distance flight and transportation of seedlings.The population diversity and genetic structure of O.nipae may be changed due to the altered habitat after it spreaded to the new invading area.In this study,the genetic diversity and genetic structure of O.nipae from nine geographical populations in China were analyzed through the method of microsatellite(SSR)markers to understand the genetic differentiation of its populations.On this basis,the mechanism of invasion and diffusion of O.nipae in China will be further revealed.It will provide a scientific and effective theoretical basis for reducing the risk of invasion and diffusion.Five microsatellite loci with higher polymorphism were screened from nine microsatellite loci which had been developed.A total of 341 samples were used to analyze population genetic diversity.The results showed that the total genetic diversity of nine populations was higher,while the genetic diversity of Zhangzhou-a(Pioneering Park of Taiwan Peasant,Zhangzhou)population and Fuzhou population was lower than that of the other seven populations.The inbreeding of Fuzhou population is the most obvious(F1S = 0.628).In the genetic process for nine populations,there is no loss of heterozygosity and all populations are in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.In addition,the results of bottleneck effect detection indicated that this species was not affected by genetic bottleneck effect at the beginning of invading China.The genetic structure and genetic differentiation of different populations were analyzed.The results showed that the genetic distance(FST)of most populations was moderately and highly differentiated.Bayesian cluster analysis presented that nine populations of O.nipae formed three large clusters.Among them,Fuzhou population and Sanya population were clustered in a clade,and Zhangzhou-a population and Haikou population were clustered in another clade.However,the other five populations[Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Nanning,Zhangzhou-b(175Hospital,Zhangzhou),Yuanyang]formed a remaining cluster.The genetic differentiation between populations was not influenced by geographical distance(P>0.05)through geographic isolation detection analysis.AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic diversity between the populations was mainly from within the genetic differences.Based on the analysis of sampling survey,the genetic structure of nine populations in China may be caused by artificial transportation of seedlings and multiple invasion of O.nipae. |
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