| To understand the effect of manure replacement fertilizer on mango yield,quality and soil fertility,this study conducted a one-year field test at Baring Village,Fenghuang Town,Tianya District,Sanya City.The effect of organic fertilizer replacement was evaluated by analyzing the nutrient and microbial population of orchard soil,and soil enzyme activity,leaf nutrient,yield and fruit quality were analyzed also.The main results and conclusions are as follows:1.Soil Fertility:Compared with pure chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer replacement treatment resulted in an overall increase in soil pH,organic matter,available phosphorus,available sulfur,and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levels during the small fruit period,soil available potassium,the effective zinc and effective copper content decreased overall;the soil pH value,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available sulfur,exchangeable calcium and magnesium content increased in the middle fruit period,and the available phosphorus,available potassium,available zinc,and effective copper in the soil decreased overall.The soil pH value and exchangeable magnesium content in the maturity fruit period increased as a whole,and the content of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,available sulfur,available zinc,and available copper decreased overall.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer replacement results in an overall increase in soil pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available sulfur,and available zinc in the small fruit period,and the total exchangeable calcium and magnesium content in the soil decreased.Soil pH,organic matter,and effective copper content increased overall during the middle fruit period,and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,available sulfur,and exchangeable calcium and magnesium decreased overall;during the maturity fruit period,content of soil pH,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium,and effective copper were no significant difference within different treatments.Soil organic matter and other available nutrient contents showed different relationships with conventional fertilization treatments due to different organic fertilizer replacement levels.The effect of organic fertilizer substitution on soil nutrients varies according to the nutrient period and nutrient element types in which the tree is located.2.Soil physical properties:Compared with pure chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizer substitution increased soil saturated water content by 10.13?19,35%,total porosity by 0.97?7.25%,and reduced soil bulk density by 0.85?6.38%.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer substitution increased the soil bulk density of the fertilization ditch by 1.98?5.90%,and lowered the total porosity.The effect of different replacement amounts on saturated water content was different.3.Fertilizer ditch soil nutrients:Compared with pure chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizer substitution increased soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter content in fertilization furrows by 58.20?67.28%,24.21?169.84%,6.06?42.84%,and 69.85?185.44%,respectively.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer substitution has no significant effect on the improvement of soil fertility.However,when organic fertilizer substitutes 10-30%,soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter content tend to increase.4.Number of soil microorganisms:Compared with pure chemical fertilizers,the amount of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes treated with organic fertilizers increased by 323.89?904.19%,-13.93?142.68%,and 96.14?251.56%,respectively.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer substitution increased the number of soil fungi by-20.02?125.42%;when the replacement amount was<20%,it would increase the amount of soil bacteria and reduce the number of soil actinomycetes;when the replacement amount was ?30%,it will reduce the amount of soil bacteria and increase the number of soil actinomycetes.5.Soil enzyme activity:Compared with pure chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer substitution increased soil urease,catalase and acid phosphatase activity by 26.97?239.78%,12.13?42.30%and 79.33?185.47%,respectively.Compared with conventional fertilization,the soil catalase,urease,and acid phosphatase activities decreased by 4.30?16.72%,4.15?55.50%,and 11.65?37.18%,respectively,when organic fertilizer replacement was ?30%.When the replacement amount was 100%,the activities of soil catalase and urease increased by 5.68%and 19.10%,respectively.6.Leaf nutrients:Compared with pure chemical fertilizers,the content of nitrogen,magnesium and manganese in leaves of mangoes during the period of trophic growth of organic manure replacement decreased,and the contents of phosphorus,potassium,iron and zinc increased;the content of nitrogen and zinc in leaves of reproductive period increased,and the content of magnesium decreased;the content of phosphorus,potassium,calcium and zinc increased in the big fruit period.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer substitution reduced the content of phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,and zinc in the vegetative growth of mangoes,increased the content of iron and manganese,and increased the upper leaves nitrogen,potassium,manganese,copper and zinc during reproductive growth.The contents of potassium,magnesium and copper in the lower leaves decreased.In the big fruit period,the contents of potassium,calcium,manganese and copper in the upper leaves decreased,and the contents of calcium,iron,manganese,copper and zinc in the lower leaves increased.The effect of organic fertilizer replacement on the nutrient of the leaves differs depending on the nutritional period of the tree and the type of nutrient elements.7.Nutrient of pulp:Compared with pure chemical fertilizer,the replacement of organic fertilizer increased the content of phosphorus,potassium,and magnesium in the pulp by 15.23?34.17%,3.58?21.34%and 2.56?15.95%,respectively,and the iron and manganese contents of the pulp decreased by-16.73?39.65%,31.05?58.46%.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing organic fertilizer substitution had no significant effect on nutrient nitrogen content,and copper and zinc content increased significantly.When organic fertilizer replacement amount was less than or equal to 20%,the phosphorus,potassium,and calcium contents of the pulp increased by 3.11?16.61%respectively.10.67?15.37%,6.36?7.45%;when the organic fertilizer replacement amount was 10%,30%,and 100%,the iron content of the pulp increased by 31.33%,79.00%,and 32.02%,respectively.The effect of organic fertilizer replacement on leaf nutrient varies with the type of nutrient element and the amount of organic fertilizer replacement.8.Fruit quality:Compared with pure chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer substitution has no significant effect on the improvement of pulp quality.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing the amount of organic fertilizer replacement increased the content of soluble solids,vitamin C and total soluble sugar of mango pulp by 3.75?12.35,17.94?37.00%and 7.05?26.83%,respectively.9.Yield:Compared with pure chemical fertilizer,the impact of organic fertilizer replacement on mango production varies with the amount of organic fertilizer applied,but the overall flowering rate declines.Compared with conventional fertilization,increasing the replacement amount of organic manure reduced the yield of mango strains by 4.11?31.38%.Organic manure replacement by 10?30%had no significant effect on flowering rate. |
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