Quality Evaluation Of Organic Fertilizer And Its Effect On Soil Microorganism And Enzyme Activity

In order to further standardize and supplement the national organic fertilizer standard NY525-2012 and improve the ability to recognize organic fertilizer on the market,the characteristics of organic fertilizer adulteration materials-inorganic fertilizers and mineral carbon were analyzed,a series of simulated samples of organic fertilizers in line with national standards were prepared,a series of indicators were analyzed in this study,so as to provide some theoretical basis for evaluating the intrinsic quality and formulating the national standard of commercial organic fertilizer.At the same time,the pepper was used as the research object,soil samples were collected and analyzed in the growth period of pepper,soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity,soil microbial quantity were studied in different fertilization treatments,the differences of the soil in different fertilization treatments were discussed.The effects of the soil microbes in different fertilization treatments were described,so as to provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization of pepper.The main results showed that:(1)The commercial organic fertilizer was used as the experimental object,the optimum conditions for the study of water-soluble organic matter of commercial organic fertilizer:room temperature 25?,the ratio of water to fertilizer is 10:1,the oscillation time is 45 min.(2)The content of water-soluble organic matter in different organic fertilizer simulated samples was different.The percentage of the content of water-soluble organic matter in the total organic matter of untreated organic matter(herbal analogue)was 2.29%,The percentage of the content of water-soluble organic matter in the total organic matter of fermented organic matter(commercial organic fertilizer,Chinese herbal medicine mushroom package simulation sample,cornflakes mushroom package simulation sample)was 6.37%—9.8%,Although the content of organic matter of the organic fertilizer made from coal-based raw materials(coal gangue,weathered coal,etc.)was high,but its water-soluble organic matter in the total organic matter was less than 1%.Obviously,water-soluble organic matter or the percentage of water-soluble organic matter in total organic matter can be used to determine the degree of fermentation of organic materials and the organic fertilizer raw materials.(3)Water-soluble nutrients included water-soluble nitrogen,water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium.Water-soluble nutrients or the percentage of water-soluble nutrients in total nutrients can be used to reflect the degree of fermentation of organic fertilizer and determine whether organic fertilizer was added inorganic fertilizer.The organic materials without Inorganic fertilizer and fermentation(Chinese medicine slag raw material(not fermented)),the percentage of water-soluble nutrients in total nutrients was the lowest(Nitrogen is 13.9%,phosphorus is 10.3%,potassium is 21.9%);The water-soluble nutrients of the fermented organic material(Chinese medicine slag mushroom package raw materials,corn mushroom package raw materials)were slightly higher than those of the non-fermented organic material(nitrogen is about 16%,phosphorus is 12-16%,potassium is 19-31%);The percentage of water-soluble nutrients in total nutrients of the organic fertilizer fermented with chicken manure as raw material was higher than that of the former(Nitrogen is 24.6%,phosphorus is 22%,potassium is 39%)?The simulated samples of the organic material with inorganic fertilizer(Chinese herbal medicine simulation sample,Chinese medicine slag mushroom package simulation sample,corn mushroom package simulation sample),the percentage of water-soluble nutrients in total nutrients was significantly higher than that in control(nitrogen is 48-74%,phosphorus is 54-67%,potassium is 72%-86%);The simulated sample of the organic material with coal as raw material and inorganic fertilizer,the percentage of water-soluble nutrients in total nutrients was high(nitrogen is about 88%,phosphorus is 68%-77%,potassium is 85-94%).(4)Humic acid and bulk density can be used to determine coal-based organic fertilizers.The content of humic acid is more than 50% and bulk density is above 0.7g/cm3 in the simulated sample with coal as raw material,The content of humic acid is about 20% and bulk density is above 0.5g/cm3 in the simulated sample with organic matter.(5)Organic manure can improve the activity of soil urease,sucrase and neutral phosphatase,the effect of catalase activity is small,Indicating that fertilization is not a major factor for catalase.The period of the high and low peaks of activity of different soil enzymes is different in pepper growth period,it mainly related to the absorption characteristics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus by pepper in different period.(6)Soil microbial quantity can be increased in different fertilization treatments,chicken manure is most noticeable,the soil bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes can be significantly improved.soil bacteria and fungi can be improved in the early period of pepper growth and development with humic acid,They are reduced faster in the late period of growth;the effect of fly ash is small in soil microbes.