Effects Of Different Treatments By And Fertilization Insha Jiang Black Soil On Summer Maize Growth

We set up five treatments:to study the physiological and ecological effects on the development and yield formation of summer maize in Shajiang black soil in Huanghuaihai area based on the regional comparison test.The treatments were:no-tillage(no deep pine)+single-layer fertilization(CK),lateral deep pine+single-layer fertilization(T1),lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization(T2)),orthodox deep pine+three-layer fertilization(T3),orthostatic deep pine+single-layer fertilization(T4),The main findings were as follows:1.The subsoiling and separated layer fertilization improved the sowing quality of summer maize.Compared with the control,the rate of emergence and plant height increased by 5.8%and 20.9%,respectively.The fertility rate and plant height uniformity of the three-layer fertilizationwere increased by 7.9%and 22.8%,respectively.Under different subsoiling treatments,the emergence rate of lateral deep pine+single-layer fertilization,lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization,positive deep pine+three-layer fertilization,positive deep pine+single-layer fertilization increased respectively 11.6%,18.5%,11.4%,and 8.5%;plant height uniformity increased by 28.8%,34.6%,13.7%,and 8.2%.The effect of lateral deep pine and three-layer fertilization is the best,T1>T1>T3>T4>CK.2.Sub soiling and layered fertilization increased the leaf area index,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,SPAD value,and dry matter accumulation per plant of summer maize,and reduced intercellular CO2 concentration.At jointing and silking stage,the area index of deep pine was 11.9%and 11.1%higher than that of the CK,respectively.The leaf area index of three-layer fertilization was increased by 6.0%and 1.8%,respectively.The largest leaf area index was 14.4%higher than CK.The photosynthetic parameters of leaves were increased by sub soiling and layered fertilization.At jointing and silking stages,the photosynthetic rate of deep-sown treatments increased by 11.6%and 10.0%,respectively,Compared with the control,the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased byl5%,40.9%and27.6%,33.5%,respectively;intercellular CO2 concentrations decreased 8.4%and 13.8%,respectively.The photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of three-layer fertilization increased 5.2%,12.5%,4.4%(joining stage),4.0%,4.4%,and 0.8%(coating stage).The highest photosynthetic parameters were observed in lateral pines and three-layer fertilization treatments,with a decrease of 9.2%and 17.0%,The photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance were increased by 21.4%,46.9%,and 30.0%,respectively,compared with the control.The intercellular CO2 concentration was decreased by 12.9%compared with the control.At the jointing stage and silking stage,the SPAD value of deep pine increased by 2.7%and 1.8%,respectively,compared with the control;the three-layer fertilization had no significant difference with the single-layer fertilization;the deep pine+single-layer fertilization had the largest SPAD value,which was higher than that of the control.4.9%and 2.8%.The accumulation of dry matter at different stages of growth showed that the dry matter accumulation at the jointing stage was 5.9%higher than that of the control,the dry matter accumulation at the silking stage was 10.5%higher than that of the control,and the dry matter accumulation at maturity was higher than that of the control.In 12.2%,dry matter accumulation in three-layer fertilization was increased by 5.8%,7.4%,and 3.3%in the jointing stage,silking stage,and maturity stage,respectively,compared with the single-layer fertilization;Lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization was in the silking stage and mature stage.Dry matter accumulation increased by 16.4%and 17.2%,respectively,from the control.Therefore,the above five treatment methods are integrated.Lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization effect is better.3.Subsoiling and layered fertilization promoted the growth and development of summer maize roots.Root dry weight,root number,root length,root surface area,root volume,root dry weight density,root length density,and root vitality of each treatment were significantly increased.T2>T1>T3>T4>CK.In the jointing stage,deep pines+three-layer fertilization,lateral deep pine+single layer application,positive deep pine+three-layer fertilization,positive deep pine+single-layer fertilization treatment were significantly different from the control indexes.In the silking stage,the root dry weight and rooting number of each treatment were increased by 16.9%,34.2%,5.6%,2.3%and 9.0%,14%,5.3%and 4.6%,respectively;the rootlengh was increased by 13.7%compared with the control,17.1%,9.0%;root surface area increased by 20.0%,22.0%,17.5%,13.1%compared with the control;root volume increased by 13.4%,20.9%,7.8%,5.4%compared with the control.The activity of root activity in deep roots+three-layer fertilization,lateral deep pine+single layer application,positive deep pine+three-layer fertilization,orthostatic deep pine+single-layer fertilization treatment increased the root vigor by 8.4%in the jointing stage compared with the control.14.5%,8.9%,4.7%,the overall performance is still better than the control of deep pine,three-tier fertilization is better than the single-layer fertilization,the treatment of lateral pine deep+three layers of fertilization to deal with the best root morphology.4.Subsoiling and layered fertilization improved the soil moisture content of summer maize and increased soil temperature.In the 10cm soil layer,the average daily temperature of the lateral deep pines+three-layer fertilization,lateral deep pine+single-layer fertilization,orthostatic deep pine+three-layer fertilization,orthostatic deep pine+single-layer fertilization soil was 0.99? higher than the control.,1.97?,0.62?,1.34?.The diurnal variation of soil temperature showed a single peak curve,and the highest temperature appeared at around 16:00 in the afternoon.The treatment site had the highest level of lateral loosening and three-layer fertilization.Shensong significantly improved the water content of 0-20cm soil layer,including lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization,lateral deep pine+single-layer fertilization,positive deep pine+three-layer fertilization,positive deep pine+single-layer fertilization The average soil moisture content in the-10cm soil layer increased by 17.4%,31.6%,37.4%,and 19.0%,respectively,compared with the control;the soil thickness in the 10-20cm soil layer increased by 7.8%,11.3%,6.2%,and 8.3%,respectively;Increased 8.2%,8.0%,2.3%,and 2.3%;the average soil water content in 20-30cm soil layer was slightly lower than that of 10-20cm soil layer.5.Subsoiling and stratified fertilization increased the yield of summer maize,and the results of the two-year experiment were consistent.Compared with the control,the yield increased by 8.4%,and the deep pine yield was increased by 5.3%comparedwith the control;the three-layer fertilization had no significant difference from thesingle-layer fertilization;the difference between different treatments showed that the lateral pine was three layers.T2>T1>T3>T4>CK,in which the lateral deep pine+three-layer fertilization increased by 11.5%compared with the control.The difference between treatments was significant;deep loosening resulted in an increase of 10.5%in grains per spike compared to the control,but had less effect on the number of rows per ear,rows of grains,and 100-grain weight.Therefore,the increase in the number of grains per panicle is the main reason for the increase in the production of deep pine.In summary,lateral deep-season+three-layer fertilization is a suitable treatment method for high-quality sowing in the Shajiang black soil region of Huanghuaihai.