Study On The Quality Improvement Of Cultivated Land Based On Basic Soil Classification

Liu Panpan ABSTRACT: Cultivated land is the most basic production data of agriculture,which plays an important role in China's national economic development and is an important foundation and guarantee for social and economic development.Our country is a developing country with a big population and little land,the healthy development of agriculture,the quality of cultivated land quality determines the food security in our country,protect the cultivated land is the foundation of national long-term development reasonably,this is decided by our country's basic national conditions.At present,the construction land in the process of urbanization takes up a lot of high quality cultivated land,cultivated land reduced,total soil varying degrees of destruction of ecological environment,the cultivated land quantity and quality gradually reduce,the increasingly prominent contradiction between human and land.Due to the decline in the quality of cultivated land,the increase in grain production is more difficult,and the grain output per unit area is reduced,and the food security problem affects economic development and social stability.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the quality of cultivated land.In this paper,in order to improve the quality of cultivated land,based on the basic soil classification and Arc GIS10.2 software as the technical platform,according to the natural and social and economic conditions in the study area,combined with the existing results of the agricultural land classification in the old watercourse of Yellow River and the soil data,using the GIS spatial analysis method,select the large area of silt soil,mixed soil,small mixed soil and sandy soil of four typical soil species,by analyzing the size of the typical soil,the spatial distribution and the distribution of agricultural land classification,the global level and spatial differences of cultivated land quality in the study area are mastered.Based on the agricultural land classification theory,the evaluation indexes are selected and analyzed,according to the characteristics of the factors affecting the evaluation indexes,the evaluation indexes are classified,and the factors that affect the quality of the typical soil species are identified respectively.According to the restriction factors of different soil species,the measures of improving the quality of the cultivated land are put forward from the angle of land renovation and the promotion of soil fertility.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the study area of the old watercourse of Yellow River,the moisture soil is the largest soil type,which accounts for 95.35% of the total soil area of the old watercourse of Yellow River.Of them,the silt soil,the mixed soil,the small mixed soil and the sandy soil are the largest four kinds of soil in the moisture soil,the area is 671167.63hm2,616759.60hm2,596012.14hm2 and 373786.25hm2,respectively,which accounts for 75.51% of the total area of the moisture soil.In spatial distribution and geographical location,the distribution of silt soil in the north of the Yellow River is more scattered,mostly in point distribution,the distribution of the Yellow River in the south is more concentrated,mostly zonal distribution;The spatial distribution of the mixed soil is more concentrated,and the area of the south of the Yellow River is greater than that of the north of the Yellow River;The distribution of small mixed soils shows the difference between the north and the south;The southeastern part is distributed in zonal pattern,and the distribution in the central and northern parts is relatively scattered.The spatial distribution of sandy soil is concentrated,there are very few areas in the northeast and southeastern regions,they are mostly distributed in the middle part along the Yellow River and the north and south sides.(2)The agricultural land natural grade is divided into 6,7,8,9,a total of four grades in the old watercourse of Yellow River,among them,the area of nature grade 7,the area is 1.19 million hm2,is the largest and the most widely distributed.In order to make a detailed study of different soil species,the difference in nature is more significant.On the basis of agricultural land classification,the nature of typical soil species is reclassified and divided into 8 different categories,which are6+?6-?7+?7-?8+?8-?9+?9-.In the spatial distribution,the quality of cultivated land in the southeast region is relatively high,with a large number of silt soil,mixed soil and small mixed soil,mainly distributed in Fugou,Xihua,Suixian,Liangyuanqu,Yucheng,Xiayi and other counties.The quality of cultivated land in the middle and northern regions is low,and a large amount of sandy soil is distributed.The lowest area of cultivated land quality is mainly distributed in Weishi,Fengqiu,Yanjin,Huaxian,Minquan and other counties.(3)In this paper,considering the natural attributes,soil properties and farmland infrastructure conditions in the old watercourse of Yellow River,selection of surface soil texture,profile configuration,the content of soil organic matter,soil salinization,soil p H,drainage condition and irrigation guarantee rate of 7 factors as evaluation of different soil types and difference index,find out the influence other restrictive factors such as the quality of cultivated land.The results show that the surface texture of the silt is clay,and the main factors affecting its nature are the surface texture of the soil,the content of soil organic matter and the drainage conditions,and the surface texture and the profile configuration of the two soil and the small binary soil are relatively similar and the grade is higher,and the main factor influencing the natural difference of the soil organic matter,drainage condition,irrigation guarantee rate.The texture and configuration of the surface soil of sandy soil is poor,which is the basic factor of its lower nature.Natural and other factors are mainly the texture of the surface soil,the configuration of the section,the content of organic matter and the guarantee rate of irrigation.The area of soil salinization of typical soil species is smaller in the entire old watercourse of Yellow River,and the soil p H index range is between 8.5~8.8,which has little influence on the typical soil species.(4)The quality of the cultivated land in the area of 8 and 9 of the regional silt soil,the mixed soil,the small mixed soil and the sandy soil is poor.The area of the area is 39345hm2,75383.05hm2,132003.81hm2and122641hm2,which are mainly distributed in Weishi,Minquan,Yanjin,Fengqiu,Huaxian,and the front of the platform.Based on the analysis of the limiting factors affecting the quality of cultivated land in typical soil types,the corresponding measures for improving the quality of cultivated land were put forward.In terms of land consolidation,the measures to improve the quality of silt soil are to improve surface soil texture,prevent soil salinization and improve drainage system.The measures to improve the quality of mixed soil and mixed soil are the land leveling,improve irrigation and drainage system.The measures to improve the quality of sandy soil are the improvement of profile configuration,the improvement of irrigation conditions,and the prevention and control of desertification.In order to improve soil fertility,the methods of soil formula fertilization,straw returning and conversion tillage are adopted to improve the content of soil organic matter and improve soil fertility.This paper study the improvement of the quality of cultivated land,according to the actual situation of the old watercourse of Yellow River,different measures to improve the quality of cultivated land are put forward based on the natural attributes of different soil species,it can provide theoretical and methodological guidance for special land consolidation and soil fertility improvement in the future research area.