| Corydalis DC.,belonging to Papaveraceae,consists of approximately 465 species worldwide,with a main distribution in the north temperate zone.According to《Flora of China》(FOC)records,there is about 357 species in China.Chinese Corydalis genus is divided into 45 groups,of which there are 9 species of Corydalis sect.Incisae Fedde,namely:Corydalis linstowiana Fedde,C foliaceobracteata C.Y.Wu&Z.Y.Su,C.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon,C.amphipogon Liden,C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.anethifolia C.Y.Wu&Z.Y.Su,C.heterodonta H.Leveille,C.pseudoincisa C.Y.Wu,C.hem.sleyana Franchet ex Prain.In addition,2 new species were published in 2017,namely:C.pseudohemsleyana D.Wang and C.pseudoamplisepala D.Wang.Except for C.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon,the other species are endemic to China.The morphological structure of the genus Corydalis is very complex,which is a difficult classification group.Due to the narrow distribution of many species in the genus,the limited specimen collection of some species and the short flower and fruit period,the original description of some species is lack of seed and flower and fruit period,which brings difficulties to the further classification of the genus.At present,there are some problems in the section Incisae,such as the lack of character description of some species,the dispute of the taxonomic position and the research of some doubtful groups.On the basis of field collection,specimen study and field population observation,this study conducted a preliminary study on the plants of section Incisae by morphological and molecular evidence.The main findings are as follows:1.It is described that the seed morphology and flower and fruit period of C.hemsleyana Franchet ex Prain,seed morphology of C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden,flower and fruit period of the C.linstowiana Fedde.The seeds of C.hemsleyana Franchet ex Prain are 2.0-2.1 ×1.9-2.1 mm,smooth,flat,black with luster;flower and fruit period is April-June.The seeds of C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden are 1.8-2.0 × 1.8-1.9 mm,black,shiny,with small caruncle.The flower and fruit period of the C.linstowiana Fedde is May-August.2.The character and variation amplitude of the C.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon.etcC.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon is a kind of multiple specie,the degree of fragmentation of the bracts,flower size and color,dorsal crest of outer petals have a considerable variation.It is found that the bracts of the inflorescence are variant,the lowest bracts are leaf-like,and the upper bracts are rhombic to cuneate.Located in Hubei Tongshan Jinji Valley population,Outer petals blue at apex,flower is ca 21-24 mm;Located in Hubei Tong Shan Tong Yang Zhen,the outer petals light blue at apex,flower is ca 20-22 mm;The population of Guang shui in Hubei Province,Outer petals is pink,flower is ca 19-22 mm,and the dorsal crest of outer petals is higher.But the crest of the dorsal of the outer petals not reaching apex,and the stigma is rectangular,with six single papillae,and two submarginal geminate lateral papillae and two geminate papillae at basal corners;Capsule oblong,Seeds in 1 row,Seeds are very finely reticulate,keeled,these traits are more stable.In addition,according to FOC records,the nectary of the C.linstowiana Fedde is ca 1/4 as long as spur.We observed nectary is ca 1/4-2/5 as long as spur.According to FOC,the nectary of C.amphipogon Liden is ca 1/5 as long as spur.By observing many populations,the nectary is ca 1/6 as long as spur,and the trait is stable.It was also found that the pedicel surface of some plant individuals in the same population had papillose-hairy.3.Taxonomic position of C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden etc.The disputed species including the C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.linstowiana Fedde,C.ternatifolia C.Y.Wu,Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.pseudoweigoldii Z.Y.Su and the three doubtful species were studied inferred from morphological clustering and molecular systematics,and explored their taxonomic position.(1)The cluster analysis of 16 plants of the section Incisae and its relatiye species in 44 groups of vegetative organs and reproductive organs was carried out,and the study found that it was roughly divided into three branches:Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The branch Ⅰ consists of three subbranches.C.linstowiana Fedde,C.pseudoamplisepala D.Wang,Corydalis spl,C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.hemsleyana Franchet ex Praina,C.pseudohemsleyana D.Wang,C.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon,Corydalis sp2,gathered in a sub branch,Corydalis sp3,C.amphipogon Liden on a branch,C.foliaceobracteala C.Y.Wu&Z.Y.Su alone in a branch;the branch Ⅱ comprises C.elata Bureau&Franchet,C.pseudobarbisepala Fedde,C.pseudoweigoldii Z.Y.Su.The branch Ⅱ composed of the C.ternatifolia C.Y.Wu,Z.Y.Su&Liden and C.sheareri S.Moore.(2)The phylogenetic analysis of 23 species of section Inciase and relative species was carried out by molecular biological method,and outgroup were Dactylicapnos torulosa(J.D.Hooker&Thomson)Hutchinson,Hylomecon japonica(Thunberg)Prantl.The results showed that the D.torulosa(J.D.Hooker&Thomson)Hutchinson and H.japonica(Thunberg)Prantl were at the base of the system tree.C.nobilis(Linnaeus)Persoon form a separate branch;C.pseudobarhisepala Fedde,C.elata Bureau&Franchet,C.harbisepala Handel-Mazzetti&Fedde,C.pseudoweigoldii Z.Y.Su,C.hamata Franchet,C.mucronipetala(C.Y.Wu&H.Chuang)Liden&Z.Y.Su,C.calycosa H.Chuang formed a branch;C.temulifolia Franchet,C.ternatifolia C.Y.Wu,Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.sheareri S.Moore,C.esquirolii H.Leveille formed a branch;C.linstowiana Fedde is clustered alone on a branch;section Incisae Branch formed two sub branches:C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden,C.hemsleyana Franchet ex Prain,Corydalis spl,C.pseudoamplisepala D.Wang,forming a sub branch,C.foliaceobracteata C.Y.Wu&Z.Y.Su,C.amphipogon Liden,Corydalis sp3,C.pseudohemsleyana D.Wang,Corydalis sp 2,C.incisa(Thunberg)Persoon form another sub branch.The results show that:1)supports C.amplisepala Z.Y.Su&Liden should be placed in section Incisae and does not support to be placed in section Elatae.2)supports C.pseudoweigoldii Z.Y.Su should be placed in section Elatae and does not support to be placed in section Incisae.3)supports C.ternatifolia C.Y.Wu,Z.Y.Su&Liden should be placed in section Asterostigma and does not support to be placed in section Incisae.4)The systematic position of C.linstowiana Fedde need further studies,the morphological clustering results support it to be placed in section Incisae,but the molecular data do not support it to be placed in the section Incisae.5)We found three doubtful species,morphological clustering and molecular evidence are well supported by their placement in the section Incisae.4.The Corydalis sp 2,which is confined to the southern slope of the Qinling mountain,is described and compared with similar species.In addition,anatomical observations were made of the remaining two doubtful species. |
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