Effects Of Soil PH And Different Nitrogen And Phosphate Fertilizer On Growth And Development Of Maize

To explore the suitable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer types for maize growth in two pH soils,the pot experiment was conducted in Duqu town,Luohe city,Henan province in 2017.The maize variety was Denghai 605,and the soil pH were 5.0 and 7.2.Four nitrogen sources were urea(UR),ammonium nitrate(AN),ammonium sulfate(AS)and calcium nitrate(CN)while five phosphorus sources were monoammonium phosphate(MAP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),calcium superphosphate(SSP),calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(CMP)and ammonium polyphosphate(APP),respectively.It mainly researched the effect of soil pH and different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on maize growth,nutrient uptake,yield and soil properties.The aim of this study was to address the suitable nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer type for maize growth under two soil pH,so as to obtain high maize yield,improve soil fertility,increase the fertilizer use efficiency,therefore provide the basis for choosing appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus raw material in regional fertilizer recommendation.Results were shown as follows:(1)Effects of soil pH on maize growth.The soil with pH7.2 was more suitable for the maize growth and development.The stem length,basal circumference,dry matter accumulation,yield,nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in pH7.2 soil were higher than in pH5.0 soil.(2)Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types on maize growth.Under pH5.0,the yield was highest in ammonium sulfate treatment,and was lowest in calcium nitrate treatment.There was no significant difference in the dry matter accumulation in the seedling stage.However,in the jointing,the dry matter ranged as urea > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate > ammonium sulfate.The ammonium sulfate treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and calcium nitrate treatment was the lowest from jointing and maturity.The nitrogen uptake of ammonium sulfate and urea treatment were higher than that of ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate treatment;Ammonium sulfate treatment had the highest harvest index and nitrogen partial factor productivity;Urea treatment had the highest nitrogen accumulation amount,and its nitrogen absorption efficiency were significantly higher than other treatments;The yield of ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate treatments were lower,but the root activity were stronger,and their soil total nitrogen reduction were the largest.Under pH7.2,the yield of calcium nitrate treatment was highest,and ammonium sulfate was the lowest.The stem length,basal circumference in calcium nitrate treatment was bigger than other treatments.The dry matter accumulation amount of calcium nitrate treatment in the seedling stage was significantly higher than urea,ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate treatments,and the difference of last three treatments was not significant.In jointing and maturity stage,the dry matter of four treatments were significantly different,showed as calcium nitrate > ammonium nitrate > urea > ammonium sulfate.The maize nitrogen accumulation at maturity was consistent with the yield,and the calcium nitrate treatment had the highest total nitrogen uptake,grain nitrogen uptake,and higher nitrogen absorption efficiency and partial factor productivity.The nitrogen accumulation for ammonium nitrate treatment followed calcium nitrate treatment,and its yield harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency were the highest.All indicators of nitrogen absorption and utilization were the lowest for ammonium sulphate treatment.Root vitality showed as calcium nitrate > ammonium nitrate > urea > ammonium sulfate.(3)Effects of different phosphate types on the growth of corn.Under pH5.0,the yield of calcium magnesium phosphate treatment was significantly higher than other phosphate fertilizer types,and the yield of ammonium phosphate treatment was the lowest.The significant difference of dry matter accumulation varies was appearing from the seedling stage with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer > diammonium phosphate > ammonium polyphosphate > calcium superphosphate > monoammonium phosphate at the maturity stage.In the mature stage,there was significant difference in the basal circumference among treatments,showing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer > monoammonium phosphate > ammonium polyphosphate > calcium superphosphate > diammonium phosphate.Significant differences in harvest index and P uptake efficiency among treatments were found,and the calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and diammonium phosphate treatment had higher P uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity,but lower harvest index;The grain phosphorus content,phosphorus partial factor productivity and the of phosphorus utilization efficiency for the ammonium superphosphate treatment was higher than ammonium phosphate treatment,and the harvest index of superphosphate treatment was the highest among all treatments.The maize root activity of calcium magnesium phosphate was significantly higher than other treatments,while there was no significant difference among treatments of diammonium phosphate,calcium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate.During the whole growth period,the soil available phosphorus firstly increased and then decreased,and the pH value all increased,with greatest increase in calcium magnesium phosphate treatment.Under pH7.2,the yield of ammonium phosphate treatment was the highest,and the other four treatments ranged as ammonium polyphosphate > monoammonium phosphate > calcium superphosphate > calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.The stem length,basal circumference and dry matter accumulation of ammonium phosphate treatment were larger than other treatments,following by ammonium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate,and then the calcium magnesium phosphate treatment.The P uptake and utilization efficiency were highest for ammonium phosphate treatment and lowest for calcium magnesium phosphate treatment.There were no significantly difference in maize harvest index among phosphate monoammonium phosphate,ammonium phosphate,superphosphate and ammonium phosphate treatments,but they were all higher than calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.The nitrogen partial factor productivity was the highest in ammonium phosphate treatment and lowest in calcium magnesium phosphate treatment.Soil available P content significantly and positively correlated with biomass and yield of maize in seedling stage and jointing stage,but correlation were significantly negative at the mature period.The available P content of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and monoammonium phosphate treatment in mature stage were significantly higher than the other treatments.During the whole maize growth period,the change of soil pH was small.On the whole,the maize yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency was significantly higher at pH7.2 than pH5.0;In soil with PH5.0,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of urea and ammonium sulfate treatments were higher than ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate treatment,but nitrogen use efficiency of ammonium sulfate treatment was lower than urea treatment.Maize stem length,dry matter,yield,and nitrogen absorption efficiency of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and diammonium phosphate treatments were significantly greater than calcium superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate treatments,and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer can improve the conditions of soil acidification.Under pH7.2,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency of calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate were higher than urea and ammonium sulfate treatment;Diammonium phosphate treatment showed the highest P utilization efficiency and yield.Compared with ammonium phosphate,calcium superphosphate,calcium magnesium phosphate and ammonium phosphate,the yield of diammonium phosphate treatment were higher by 7.56%,10.92%,21.97% and 5.23%.