Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilizer Types On Growth And Development Of Wheat Under Different Soil Types

In order to explore nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer forms suitable for wheat growth under different soil types,a pot experiment was conducted in Duqu town,Linying county,Henan province from November 2017 to June 2018.Wheat was selected Yujiao 5 variety,and three types of soil were designed in total(Fluvo-Aquic soil,yellow-cinnamon soil,Lime concretion black soi),five forms of nitrogen fertilizer(urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulfate,calcium nitrate,ammonium chloride),and five forms of phosphate fertilizer(monoammonium phosphate,diammonium phosphate,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,ammonium polyphosphate,calcium superphosphate).Main research under the condition of different soil different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on wheat growth,nutrient uptake,yield and the effect of soil physical and chemical properties,clear under the condition of different soil types suitable for wheat growth nitrogen phosphorus forms,in order to obtain high yield of wheat,improve soil physical and chemical properties,improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and provides the theory basis for choosing appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer raw materials.Results were shown as follows:(1)Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer forms on the growth of wheatThe yield of ammonium sulfate treatment was the highest and that of calcium nitrate treatment was the lowest.There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation between treatments in the early growth stage of wheat.At 165 days after sowing,urea treatment was significantly lower than other treatments,and calcium nitrate treatment was significantly lower than other treatments in the harvest stage.Each treatment of the nitrogen accumulation quantity of organs with the development of growth period presents increased first,then decrease trend,ammonium nitrate,ammonium chloride treatment of wheat plant nitrogen accumulation amount is larger,harvest index and processing of urea nitrogen absorption rate is higher,and ammonium sulfate process of nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency is larger,the roots of the urea treatment compared with other processing developed,ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride processing on soil pH,soil total nitrogen decreased more ammonium chloride treatment.In the yellow-cinnamon soil,the yield of calcium nitrate treatment was the highest,and the yield of ammonium nitrate treatment was the lowest.The dry matter accumulation of urea and ammonium nitrate treatment was large 165 days after sowing,while the dry matter accumulation of ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate treatment was high during wheat harvest.The processing of n accumulation amount along with the advancement of the growth of different organs of present a first rise again to reduce the trend,in the wheat harvest treatment no significant difference between n accumulation amount,calcium nitrate nitrogen partial productivity and high nitrogen use efficiency,and low ammonium nitrate nitrogen use efficiency of processing,processing of ammonium chloride developed root system compared with other processing,calcium nitrate and ammonium chloride processing of soil total nitrogen decreased is more,ammonium chloride treatment on soil pH,soil pH drop more.In mortar black soil,the yield of ammonium sulfate treatment was the highest,and that of ammonium chloride treatment was the lowest.The dry matter accumulation of calcium nitrate treatment was higher 165 days after sowing,while the dry matter accumulation of calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate treatment was higher during wheat harvest.Various treatments of n accumulation amount along with the advancement of the growth of different organs of present a first rise again to reduce the trend,calcium nitrate treatment of wheat plant nitrogen accumulation quantity larger urea nitrogen absorption rate is low,developed root system compared with other processing,the soil total nitrogen content of calcium nitrate treatment compared with other processing drop less,ammonium sulfate had a greater influence on the process of soil pH,soil pH drop more.(2)Effects of different phosphate fertilizer forms on the growth of wheatUnder the condition of Fluvo-Aquic soil and mortar black soil,the dry matter and yield of wheat treated with diammonium phosphate were higher and had higher nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,while the dry matter and yield of wheat treated with calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate were lower than other treatments.The nitrogen accumulation of different organs under different treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the advance of growth period.The phosphorus accumulation of wheat plants treated with calcium magnesium phosphate in Fluvo-Aquic soil was large,while the phosphorus accumulation of wheat plants treated with calcium magnesium phosphate in black soil was high.In moist soil and mortar black soil phosphorus efficiency of diammonium phosphate and phosphate fertilizer productivity is higher,but in chao soil phosphorus use efficiency is low,and calcium superphosphate process in the soil and mortar black soil in the tide of wheat root developed compared with other processing,on the impact of soil pH,soil in the tide of post-harvest calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer with soil pH increases,help fluvo-agvic soil acidification improvement,in the mortar black soil,ammonium polyphosphate with soil pH increases,while monoammonium phosphate processing soil pH drop more.Under the condition of the browns soil,diammonium phosphate treatment on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation quantity is higher,and calcium superphosphate process of dry matter and grain yield of wheat were lower,and the processing of n accumulation amount along with the advancement of the growth of diferent organs of present a first rise again to reduce the trend,calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer processing wheat plant p cumulant is higher.Diammonium phosphate treatment in wheat harvest index and p absorption rate,phosphate partial productivity and p use efficiency is higher,superphosphate process of wheat root system is developed,diammonium phosphate processing in browns soil soil pH decreases after harvest,but higher ammonium polyphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer processing soil pH,conducive to the improvement of acidification browns soil pH.(3)Effects of different types on the growth of wheatUnder different soil types,the germination rate and yield of wheat showed that the Fluvo-Aquic Soil was more favorable to the growth of wheat,followed by the Lime concretion black soil,and the most unfavorable to the growth of wheat was the yellow-cinnamon soil.Combined with the results of this experiment,the Fluvo-Aquic soil is more conducive to the growth of wheat.Under the condition of the soil),ammonium sulfate treatment on yield and nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency were higher,but the influence on ammonium sulfate treatment on soil pH,and long-term use can cause soil acidification,not easy to promote,in phosphate fertilizer experiment,diammonium phosphate treatment in dry matter,yield and n uptake efficiency is higher,and less effect on soil pH,but low phosphorus use efficiency;Calcium nitrate in browns soil treatment on yield and nitrogen partial productivity and high nitrogen use efficiency,in phosphate fertilizer experiment,diammonium phosphate treatment on wheat yield,dry matter accumulation,harvest index and p absorption rate,phosphate partial productivity and p use efficiency is higher,and calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate on the soil pH effects are smaller;In mortar black soil,ammonium sulfate treatment has a higher yield and dry matter accumulation,but ammonium sulfate treatment has a greater impact on soil pH.In the form test of phosphate fertilizer,diammonium phosphate has a higher yield,dry matter,phosphate absorption efficiency and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer.