Effect Of High-Calcium And High-Protein Diet On Heart,Liver And Kidney Of Hyacinth Brown Laying Hens

To investigate the effects of high-calcium and high-protein diets on heart,liver and kidney in Hyacinth brown laying hens.140 feathers of 40-day-old Hyland brown laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups.The control group was fed the basal diet(calcium 1.0%,crude protein 17.5%).The feeds fed to the six experimental groups contained high calcium(3.78%,4.5%)and high protein(crude protein 24.58%,27.0%),high calcium + high protein(3.78%calcium + 24.58%crude protein,4.5%calcium + 27.0%crude protein)respectively.The test lasted 95 days.Serum uric acid(UA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and liver and kidney function biochemical parameters of each group were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Chickens were dissected and pathological and histological changes in heart,liver and kidney were observed.ELISA was used to detect the activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase and the levels of interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),and in liver and nephritis.Take control group and high calcium high protein group,Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)and angiotensin II(AngⅡ)were measured by ELISA.Heart and lung paraffin sections stained with Verhoeff’s elastic fiber staining method.The area and thickness of the small arteries in the heart and lungs were measured with Image proplus 6.0 software.The ratio of the wall area to the total area of the vessels(WA/TA),and the ratio of the wall thickness to the vessel diameter(WT/VD)was calculated.[Result]Compared with that in control group,chickens in the experimental group have the following changes.Serum uric acid levels and xanthine oxidase activity in liver were increased.Serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,total protein,albumin concentration was elevated.The concentrations of Blood total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and indirect bilirubin were reduced.Triglycerides increased,while cholesterol,low-density cholesterol,and high-density lipoprotein decreased.The color of some chicken livers was yellow,there were necrotic lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver,the arrangement of hepatic cell cords was disordered,and hepatocyte degeneration occur There were fat drops in a few chicken liver cells.The levels of LDH in serum and the concentration of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-a in liver and kidney were increased.The heart of some chickens was loose and hypertrophy.The structure of myocardial fiber was disturbed,the gap between myocardial fibers became widen,and inflammatory cell infiltrated in the heart.Some chicken kidneys were swollen with white paste in them.Glomerular swell or atrophy,renal tubular epithelial cells degenerated,necrotized,and detached from the basement membrane.In high calcium and high protein diet group,Serum NO was significantly lower than the control group,serum Ang was not significantly different from the control group,WA/TA and WT/VD values of small arteries in heart and lung were increased,especially that with a diameter of 100μm or less.[Conclusion]Feeding high-calcium and high-protein diet caused damage to the structure and function of heart,liver and kidney in chickens.Among them,the chickens in two high calcium plus high protein groups had the most serious damage.