Effects Of Different Ammonia Concentration On The Production And Antioxidant Properties,Blood Ammonia And Uric Acid Of Jute Feather Broiler

This research takes jute feather broilers as samples,and determining the concentration and distribution of NH₃,CO₂,O₂ and H₂S in the chicken house and analyze the effects of gas changes on the production performance of jute feather broilers;Respiratory chambers provide environments with different concentrations of NH₃,then determine the effects of concentration of NH₃ on the production performance,antioxidant properties,blood ammonia and uric acid of the jute feather broilers to provide scientific data for the environmental control of the chicken house and healthy breeding of jute feather broilers.The full researches include four sections:Experiment 1:The concentration and distribution of NH₃,CO₂,O₂ and H₂S in the chicken house were determined and effects of gas changes on the production performance of jute feather broilers was analyzed.In this experiment,a chicken house with 10,000 chickens was prepared.Manual gas detection tubes were used to determine concentrations and distributions of NH₃,CO₂,O₂ and H₂S at different time points and in different parts of the chicken house.Effect of Gas changes on the production performance of broilers was analyzed.The results showed that:?1?The concentration of NH₃ in the house differs at different time points and in different parts of the chicken house.Every day at 6:00 in the house,the NH₃ concentration in the house is high,and after 14:00 in the afternoon,the concentration of NH₃ is low?P<0.05?.The concentration of NH₃ in broilers was higher at 7 days of age.During the entire rearing period,the concentration of NH₃ in the house increased with the increase in the age of the chicken.NH₃ concentration in a single day in the house was lower in front,slightly higher in middle,and highest in rear?P<0.05?.The daytime concentration of NH₃ was lower than that during the night?P<0.05?.?2?The O₂ concentration in broilers before the 21st day was basically the same as outside the house;With the growth of broiler chickens,O₂ concentration in the house gradually decreased with the increase of broiler respiration?P>0.05?.Daily O₂ concentration at2:00⁶:00 am was lower than other time?P>0.05?;O₂ concentration in a single day was highest in front,slightly lower in middle,and lowest in rear?P>0.05?.?3?The CO₂ concentration in the house was higher at night than in the daytime?P<0.05?,and was highest at 2:00⁶:00 in the morning?P<0.05?.CO₂concentration in a single day in the house was lower in front,slightly higher in middle,and highest in rear?P<0.05?.?4?No H₂S gas was detected in the house,confirming that the H₂S concentration in the house is very low and negligible.?5?As the concentration of NH₃ and CO₂ in the house increases,the weight gain rate of broilers decreases,and the death rate scouring increases.The concentration of NH₃,CO₂ and O₂were different at different times and in different parts of the chicken house,and the production performance of broilers decreased with increasing concentrations of NH₃ and CO₂.Experiment 2:The effect of NH₃ concentration under simulated conditions on the growth and slaughter performance of jute feather broilers was discussed.In this experiment,a single-factor completely random design is adopted.The 300 jute broilers that are hatched?1 days old?,similar in weight?40±3?g,and healthy were randomly divided into three Respiratory chambers with different NH₃ concentrations.Each treatment is set up with 4 replicates and each replicate is randomly divided into 25 chickens.The NH₃concentrations of the three treatment groups were controlled in group 1:25±3 mg/m³,group 2:50±3 mg/m³,group 3:75±3 mg/m³.The jute feather broilers are fed on the bed net with free feeding and drinking.At the ages of 56,63,and 70 days,30 chickens were randomly selected for each group and the foot number and used for slaughter determination..The results showed that:?1?The average daily feed intake?ADFI?and average daily gain?ADG?of broilers in the period of 56 to 70 days with NH₃ concentrations of 25,50,and75 mg/m³,along with the NH₃ concentration Increased and decreased significantly?P<0.05?.High NH₃concentration had no significant effect on the weight gain ratio?P>0.05?.?2?During the period of 56⁷0days,with the increase of NH₃ concentration,the Dressed percentage,Percentage of half-eviscerated yield,Percentage of eviscerated yield and Percentage of chest muscle of jute feather broilers decreased slightly?P>0.05?,Percentage of leg muscle decreased significantly?P<0.05?;Chicken pH value decreased,chest muscle L*value and b*value increased,a*value decreased,the difference was not significant?P>0.05?;drip loss was significantly higher?P<0.05?.This showed that high NH₃ concentration would reduce the production performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of jute feather broilers.Experiment 3:The effects of different NH₃ concentrations on the antioxidant properties of jute feather broilers were discussed.The experiment design is the same as experiment 2.The results showed that:?1?During the period 56⁷0 days,the Superoxide dismutase?SOD?activity in serum increased significantly with the increase of NH₃ concentration?P<0.05?.The SOD activity of the group 3 was higher than that of the group 1 and 2.Catalase?CAT?activity and Glutathione peroxidase?GSH-Px?activity were significantly decreased?P<0.05?,and the activity of CAT and GSH-Px in the group 3 was lower than that of group 1 and2.?2?CAT activity in chest muscles,SOD activity in leg muscles,GSH-Px activity in leg muscles,and Malondialdehyde?MDA?content in liver were significantly increased?P<0.05?.Among them,the values in group 3 were significantly higher than group 1 and 2.The content of Total antioxidant capacity?T-AOC?in the breast muscle and the activity of GSH-Px in the liver were significantly decreased?P<0.05?,and the values of all indexes in the group 3 were significantly lower than those in the group 1 and 2.This showed that high concentrations of NH₃ would reduce the antioxidant properties of jute feather broilers.Experiment 4:The effects of different NH₃ concentrations on blood ammonia and uric acid in jute feather broilers were discussed.The experiment design is the same as experiment 2.The results showed that:?1?During the period of 56⁷0 days,the NH₃ concentration of broiler chickens increased significantly?P<0.05?.The concentration of blood ammonia in group 3 of broilers was significantly higher than that of the group 1.In the group,blood ammonia concentration increased significantly with the increase of NH₃concentration and the growth of broilers?P<0.05?.?2?The concentration of uric acid in serum increased slightly with the increase of NH₃ concentration,but the difference was not significant?P>0.05?.This indicates that high concentration of NH₃ will increase blood ammonia concentration in jute feather broilers,but it will have no significant effect on serum uric acid concentration.In summary,the concentrations of NH₃,CO₂ and O₂ in the checken house was different at ifferent times and in different parts of the chicken house,and the production performance of broilers decreases with increasing concentrations of NH₃ and CO₂.High NH₃ concentration will reduce the growth performance,slaughter performance,antioxidant properties and meat quality of broilers.It is suggested that the NH₃concentration in scale broiler houses should be controlled within 25 mg/m³,the lower the better.