| Cultivated soils including paddy soil and latosols with different fertility levels(high yield and low yield)in Guangdong province were collected,soil culture experiment and pot experiment were carried out to study the effects of applying different organic matters including pig manure(ZF),chicken manure(JF),rice straw(DC),sugarcane stalk(GZ),straw stalk biochar(DB),banana stalk biochar(XB)and their mixed applications on soil fertility and vegetable growth,and factor analysis was used to screen the optimal soil improvement measures in this paper.The purpose of this study was to provide guidance for improving soil fertility in Guangdong province.The main results are as follows:(1)The application of organic materials in paddy soils with high yield and low yield,vegetable biomass increased significantly.The biomass of the first-harvested vegetable increased by 23.9%,and the effect of application of pig manure and the mixed application with banana stalk biochar were better,and had significant difference compared with control(p<0.05);The biomass of the second-harvested vegetable increased by 54.9%,the effect of mixed application of pig manure and rice straw biochar was better,and had significant difference compared with control(p<0.05).After applying organic materials,the aggregate MWD of mechanical stability and water stability increased by 4.2%~20.3%,24.6%~85.1% respectively,the aggregates GMD increased by 11.0%~60.6%,9.1%~38.8% respectively.the application of chicken manure significantly increased soil pH compared to other treatments;soil organic matter(SOM)increased by an average of 20.4% and application of banana stalk biochar and rice straw biochar significantly increased SOM;soil available phosphorus increased by more than 10%.Soil microbial activity,sucrase activity and urease activity increased by 20.2%,186.0% and 69.2%,respectively compared with control.The result of factor analysis showed that application of 1% chicken manure mixed with 0.5% rice straw biochar improved soil fertility better.(2)The application of organic materials in latosols with high yield,the biomass of first-harvested vegetable did not increase obviously.The biomass of second-harvested vegetable increased by 49.1%.The application of organic materials in latosols with low yield,the biomass of first-harvested vegetable increased by 83.6% on average,and application of only chicken manure and chicken manure mixed treatment wree better;the biomass of second-harvested vegetableincreased by 168%,and chicken manure application and mixed with rice straw biochar treatment were better.After applying organic materials,aggregates MWD of mechanical stability and water stability in soil with high yield increased by 11.0%~42.7%?4.2%~33.0% respectively and GMD increased by 4.9%~29.1%,2.1%~26.2% respectively.The SOM increased by 4.9% on average,the soil available phosphorus increased by more than 10%.The soil microbial activity,sucrase activity,urease activity and phosphatase activity of increased by 28.5%,59.6%,45.1%,and 15.9% respectively compared with control after mixed application of two kinds of organic material s.The result of factor analysis showed that applying 1% chicken manure or 1% chicken manure mixed with 0.5% rice straw biochar improved soil fertility better.(3)The results of factor analysis showed that the effects of applying different organic materials on improving paddy soil fertility were 1%JF+0.5%DB > 1%JF+0.5%XB > 1%JF > 1%DC > 1%ZF+0.5%XB > 1%DB > 1%ZF+0.5%DB > 1%ZF > 1%XB > CK.Effects of applying different organic materials on improving latosols fertility were 1%JF+0.5%DB > 1%JF > 1%DC > 1%ZF+0.5%DB > 1%DB > 1%ZF > 1%GZ > CK?Therefore single application of 1% chicken manure and mixed application with 0.5% rice straw biochar can improve soil structure,maintain and increase soil nutrient availability,increase soil microbial activity and had the best effect on improving soil fertility. |
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