Study On Adaptability And Water Consumption Of Different Varieties Of Oil Sunflower In Low Plain Area Of Hebei Province

The shortage of water resources is the main factor to limit the sustainable development of agriculture in low plain area of Hebei province.Reducing water consumption crops in the field and increasing the planting proportion of water-saving cash crops are important measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and increase farmers' income in this area.Oil sunflower has gradually become the main cash crop in this area as a water-saving and drought-tolerant crop.The adaptability and water consumption of different varieties of oil sunflower were studied,which provided a reference for selecting varieties with stable growth traits,high yield and high water use efficiency and establishing water-saving irrigation system of oil sunflower.The main contents and results of the study are as follows:Field experiment was carried out based on a preliminary selection with eleven oil sunflower varieties including Xinkui10,Xinkui20,DW567 and S672,etc.The whole growth period,growth and development,water consumption characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of each variety were compared and studied.The results showed that there were significant differences in total growth period,plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,disc diameter,water consumption,100-seed weight,yield and water use efficiency among the varieties of oil sunflower.Among them,the maximum difference between the varieties was 17.5%,the maximum difference in plant height was 46.8%,the maximum difference in water consumption was 15.9%,the maximum difference in output was 22.2%,and the maximum difference in water use efficiency was 19.9%.Through the comprehensive analysis of the growth and development,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency of oil sunflower varieties,it was found that Xinkui20,Xinkui22 and DW567 had better growth characters,increased yield and had great water saving potential,and were suitable for popularizing and planting in the study area.Other varieties need to be further tested.The pot experiment was carried out with two varieties of sunflower Xinkui20 and DW567,the soil moisture limits were set up to 80%(T1),70%(T2),60%(T3),50%(T4)and 40%(T5)of the field water holding capacity respectively,the effects of different water treatments on the growth and development of oil sunflower were studied.The resultsshowed that different water treatments had a significant effect on the growth and development of oil sunflower.The lower limit of soil moisture of T4 and T5 treatments was too low,which resulted in soil water stress on the growth of oil sunflower,which seriously affected the growth of plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,disc diameter and the accumulation of dry matter on the ground,and soil water stress accelerated the decomposition and transfer of chlorophyll in the late growth period of oil sunflower.However,T2 and T3 treatments could meet the water demand of normal growth of oil sunflower,and the soil moisture content of T1 treatments was too high,which was not conducive to dry matter accumulation of oil sunflower.Under the condition of pot experiment,the water consumption in the whole growth period of the Xinkui20 and DW567 decreased significantly with the decrease of the lower limit of soil moisture.The water consumption in budding stage and flowering stage accounted for a large proportion of water consumption in the whole growth period of oil sunflower and the average daily water consumption intensity was higher,and this stage was the peak period of water demand in the growth process of oil sunflower.The effects of different water treatments on 100 seed weight,yield per plant and water use efficiency of oil sunflower were significant.When treated with T2 and T3,Xinkui 20 and DW567 had the higher 100 seed weight and yield per plant,and there was no significant difference between the two treatments,but the yield per plant of both treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments.When the lower limit of soil moisture is T1 treatment,the yield of oil sunflower will no longer increase and decrease slightly,showing a "diminishing return" phenomenon.Xinkui 20 had the highest water use efficiency in T2 treatment and DW567 had the highest water use efficiency in T3 treatment.