Effects Of Soil Moisture On Water Consumption Characteristics And Yield Formation And Its Physiological Basis In Different Wheat Cultivars

To determine water consumption characteristics in wheat cultivar of high yield and high water use efficiency under different soil moisture, the experiment was carried out at Experiment Farm of Shandong Agricultural University. Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristic and grain yield and its physiological basis in different wheat cultivars were studied by using six wheat cultivars including Jimai22, Jinan17, Shannong664, Shannong 15, Jimai20 and Weimai8. Five treatments were applied in the experiment: the relative water contents at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 65% and 55% repressed as W0, the relative water contents at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 70% and 60% (W1), the relative water contents at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 75% and 60% (W2), the relative water contents at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 70% and 70% (W3) and the relative water contents at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 75% and 70% (W4). The content of soil moisture was repressed by the relative water content of average value of 0~140cm soil layer. The field experiment utilized the split-plot design with irrigation amount as main plots and wheat cultivars as subplots. The principal results were as follows.1 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption characteristic in different wheat cultivars1.1 Division of type of water consumption characteristic in different wheat cultivarsThough grain yield of the six wheat cultivars were different, they were all in the scope of 7500kg·hm-2 high-yield. So based on the cluster analysis of water use efficiency, these six cultivars can be divided into three types: high water use efficiency type(groupⅠ) included Jimai22 and Shannong 15, middle water use efficiency type(groupⅡ) included Jinan17, low water use efficiency type(groupⅢ) included Shannong664, Jimai20 and Weimai8.1.2 Effects of soil moisture on grain yield and water use efficiencyTreatment W1 had the highest irrigation water use efficiency in the six wheat cultivars, and treatment W2 which increased the relative water content at jointing stage had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency. Compared with treatments W1 and W2, treatments W3 and W4, which increased the relative water content at anthesis stage, had lower water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency.Under the condition of treatments W0, W1 and W2, the grain yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of Jimai22 and Shannong 15 were significantly higher than those of Jinan17, Shannong664, Jimai20 and Weimai8. Under the condition of treatments W3 and W4, there were no significant difference of grain yield in different wheat cultivars. However, water use efficiency of Jimai22, Shannong 15 and Jinan17 was higher than that of Shannong664, Jimai20 and Weimai8. So Jimai22 and Shannong 15 were the high yield and water saving wheat cultivars in this study.1.3 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption amount and water resources of water consumption amountSelecting one wheat cultivar from each group respectively for further analysis, the results indicated that, water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water amount to water consumption amount of Jimai22(groupⅠ) and Jinan17(groupⅡ) were lower than those of Jimai20(groupⅢ), the ratio of irrigation and precipitation to water consumption amount were higher than those of Jimai20(groupⅢ) under the condition of treatments W0, W1 and W2. In treatment W4, water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water amount to water consumption amount of Jimai22(groupⅠ) and Jinan17 (groupⅡ) were lower than those of Jimai20(groupⅢ) , the ratio of precipitation to water consumption amount were higher than that of Jimai20 (groupⅢ).1.4 Effects of soil moisture on water consumption amount and water consumption percentage of different growth periodUnder the condition of treatments W0, W1, W2 and W4, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage of Jimai22 (groupⅠ) from anthesis to maturity were lower, grain yield and water use efficiency were higher than those of other cultivars. Under the condition of treatment W3, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage of Jinan17 (groupⅡ) from anthesis to maturity were lower than those of Jimai22 (groupⅠ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ).1.5 Effects of soil moisture on soil water consumption amount of different growing periodSoil water consumption amount from anthesis to maturity of each wheat cultivar in treatment W2 was higher than that of W0, W1, W3 and W4, which is propitious to grain yield and water use efficiency.Under the condition of treatment W0, soil water consumption amount from jointing to anthesis of Jimai22(groupⅠ) was significantly higher than that of Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ) , but that from anthesis to maturity was lower. Under the condition of treatments W1, W2, W3 and W4, soil water consumption amount from jointing to maturity of Jimai22 (groupⅠ) and Jinan17(groupⅡ) was significantly lower than that of Jimai20(groupⅢ).2 Effects of soil moisture on grain yield and quality in different wheat cultivars2.1 Effects of soil moisture on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in different wheat cultivarsNitrogen accumulation amount in kernel and nitrogen translocation amount from vegetative organ to kernel after anthesis for each wheat cultivar in treatment W2 were higher than those in treatment W0, but there were no significant difference between treatment W2 and W4.Among different wheat cultivars, nitrogen accumulation amount in kernel of Jimai22 (groupⅠ) significantly higher than that of Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ).There was no significant difference in nitrogen translocation amount and ratio from vegetative organ to kernel after anthesis among the three groups.2.2 Effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and translocation in different wheat cultivarsDry matter accumulation in kernel and dry matter distribution ratio to kernel of Jimai22(groupⅠ) in treatment W2 were higher, dry matter redistribution amount from vegetative organ to kernel and its contribution to kernel after anthesis were the highest than those in other treatments.Among different wheat cultivars, dry matter accumulation in kernel of Jimai22(groupⅠ) was higher than that of Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20 (groupⅢ). Dry matter distribution ratio to kernel of Jimai22 (groupⅠ) was higher than that of Jimai20(groupⅢ), but there was no significantly difference between Jimai22 (groupⅠ) and Jinan17(groupⅡ).2.3 Effects of soil moisture on protein and starch quality in different wheat cultivarsProtein yield of Jimai22(groupⅠ) and Jinan17(groupⅡ) in treatment W2 were higher than that in treatments W0 and W4, and which for Jimai20(groupⅢ) in treatment W2 was higher than that in treatment W0, but there was no significantly difference between treatment W2 and treatment W4. It indicated that treatment W2 could improve protein yield . Among different wheat cultivars, protein yield of Jimai22(groupⅠ) was significantly higher than that of Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ) , but its sedimentation volume, dough stability time and dough developing time were significantly lower than those of Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ).Compared with that in treatment W0, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose in treatment W2 and W4 was lower, showing that starch quality of treatment W0 was better than treatment W2 and W4. Among different wheat cultivars, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose in Jimai22(groupⅠ) was higher than that in Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20 (groupⅢ).In a word, under the condition of treatments W0, W1 and W2, compared with Jimai20(groupⅢ) , water use efficiency, the ratio of irrigation and precipitation to water consumption amount and water use efficiency of irrigation of Jimai22(groupⅠ) and Jinan17(groupⅡ) were higher, but their water consumption amount, soil water consumption amount, the ratio of soil water amount to water consumption amount, and soil water consumption amount from jointing to maturity were lower. Jimai22(groupⅠ) got higher grain yield, protein yield and the ratio of amylopectin to amylose. Its nitrogen accumulation amount in kernel, dry matter accumulation in kernel and dry matter distribution ratio to kernel were higher than those in Jinan17(groupⅡ) and Jimai20(groupⅢ) . In this study, Jimai22(groupⅠ) got higher grain yield and water use efficiency in the arid region and shortage of water resources, so it was a high yield and water saving wheat cultivar.