| In recent years,as a chemical water-saving technology that has has received wide attention in agricultural production,water-retaining agent is a kind of agricultural water-saving reagents which has the advantages of keeping the water,drought-resistance and improving the efficient of the water and the fertilizer utilization.This technology has been used in agricultural production and has a good application prospect.The completely randomized design of the land for growing field crops was adopted in this study,and by comparing the results obtained by using liquid water-retaining(K2,K3),solid water-retaining agent(K1)and no water-retaining agent(CK),the effects of different dosage of the water-retaining agent(C1:30 kg/hm~2,C2:60 kg/hm~2 and C3:90 kg/hm~2)on the growth,yield,soil environment and the water use efficiency of the winter wheat were investigated.The findings are as follows:The water-retaining agent treatment had certain effects on mass moisture content,salt content,electrical conductivity and the pH value of the soil with different depth where in the winter wheat grows.Among these indexes of the soil,the water-retaining agent mainly acted on the soil layer between 0 cm and 40 cm,and it has little effect on the deep soil.With the development of the growth stage for winter wheat,the effect of water-retaining agent on soil parameters increased with the increase of application amount of water-retaining agent.The treatment of K1 had great influence on soil water content,and has little influence on salt content,electrical conductivity and the pH value.The results showed that the treatment of any water-retaining agent had a significant effect on the winter wheat seedling height.Compared with CK,the emergence rate of winter wheat was significantly increased by K2 and K3;and the effect of water-retaining agent treatment on the growth of plant height was obvious in the vegetative growth stage of winter wheat;Under the influence of water-retaining agent,there was a parabola relationship between the growth curve of chlorophyll or the leaf area index of winter wheat and the time,and the both reached the maximum at the booting stage of winter wheat.When the dosage of water-retaining agent was C2,it had the greatest effect on the increase of the leaf area index of winter wheat.When treated with water-retaining agent at the early booting stage,the effect on chlorophyll and leaf surface temperature of winter wheat reached significant level(?=0.1).The water consumption of winter wheat in the whole growth period decreased with the increase of the amount of water-retaining agent,and the treatment of K1 was more effective in reducing the water consumption of winter wheat.and the effects of water-retaining agent on water consumption,water consumption model coefficient and daily water consumption of winter wheat at different growth stages were different(K1>K3>K2);The results showed that the yield of winter wheat was positively correlated with water use efficiency,leaf area index and 1000-grain weight,and had a very significant positive correlation with water use efficiency.The results showed that the effects of different water-retaining agents on water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and rainfall use efficiency reached significant level,among which K2C2 treatment had the greatest effect.There have significant differences in the effects of water-retaining agent treatment on panicle length and grain number of winter wheat,among which,the winter wheat which been treated with K2C2and K3C2 had a better mature spike number.So the water-retaining agents could effectively increase the yield of winter wheat,and the effect of K2 was the biggest(11973.2 kg/hm~2),compared with CK,K1 and K3,the yield increased by 22.3%,13.6%and2.6%respectively.On the basis of increasing water use efficiency and increasing yield,K2treatment was better,and the effect was the best when the application rate was 60 kg/hm~2. |
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