Research On The Performance Of The Implementation Of The Household Contract Responsibility System In Grassland

Grassland is not only an important support for the social and economic development of Xilingol League,but also the most important ecological barrier in the north of China.In the early 1980 s,in order to promote the development of productivity and meet the needs of grassland protection,the Xilingol League carried out the household contract responsibility system.In today's crucial node of breaking out of poverty and winning an overall well-off society,this paper reviews the implementation process of the household contract responsibility system in the grassland,and analyzes its economic and ecological performance.It is of great significance to grasp the internal relation and development law among the key factors in the development of animal husbandry,to further improve the system of grassland property rights and to promote the prosperity and development of animal husbandry economy.This paper takes Zhengxiangbai banner and East Ujimqin banner as two typical research area,and reviews the impact of the grassland property rights system since the founding of New China on the husbandry business model in the study area.According to the input and output data of livestock husbandry in the study area from 1984 to 2015,the total indicators were evaluated and the elasticity coefficient evaluation method was adopted to analyze the economic performance of the household contract responsibility system implemented in the grassland.Using the landsatTM data and the Terra-MODIS NDVI data of the study area,a combination of remote sensing and geographic information systems was used to extract and analyze the changes in vegetation coverage in the study area,and to discuss the ecological performance of the household contract responsibility system implemented in the grasslands.The results of the study show that: first,since the implementation of the grassland household contract responsibility system,the number of livestock in East Ujimqin banner and Zhengxiangbai banner has increased significantly,and at the same time the livestock structure has been seriously unbalanced.Second,the implementation of the grassland household contract responsibility system has further stimulated the enthusiasm of pastoralists for livestock breeding.The total number of livestock,the output value of animal husbandry,the per capita income of pastoralists,and the average marginal output of grassland resources have all steadily increased,which economic performance is remarkable.Third,the implementation of the household contract responsibility system has led to the limited area of pasture contracted by each household,which makes it impossible to achieve nomadic or rotational grazing.In addition,with the increase in the number of animal husbandry,the area of grassland occupied by livestock has decreased,and the frequency of trampling by livestock has increased.To a certain extent,the degradation of grassland vegetation has been aggravated,and its ecological performance is poor.Fourth,there are significant regional differences in performance.Because of the small area of contracted grassland and the smaller scale of animal husbandry,the economic and ecological performance of the agricultural and pastoral ecotone in the south is lower than that in the northern pure pastoral area.Finally,based on the above analysis results,this paper puts forward several policy suggestions on how to improve the implementation performance of grassland household contract responsibility system.