Effects Of Different Water And Fertilizer Supply On Plant Growth, Yield And Quality Of Tomato

In view of the current status of tomato production in Ningxia,problems such as low utilization of water and fertilizers,decline in yield and quality,and breeding of greenhouse diseases and pests are the subjects of research.This study adopts advanced drip irrigation and fertilization techniques in solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses,and sets three fertilization levels:high fertilizer F₁（N 646-P₂O 5323-K₂O 403.75 kg/hm²）,medium fertilizer F₂（N300-P₂O₅150-K₂O 187.5 kg/hm²）,and low-fertilizer F₃（N 150-P₂O 575-K₂O 93.75kg/hm²）,each fertilizer Three irrigation levels are set at the level of:high water W₁（full irrigation,1.0 Ep）,reclaimed water W₂（mild depletion,0.75 Ep）,low water W₃（severe depletion,0.5 Ep）.Explore the efficient utilization mechanism of water and fertilizer in two types of facilities and the effective ways to achieve water and fertilizer saving.For the purpose of improving tomato yield and quality,it provides the most optimized water and fertilizer supply model for tomato cultivation in solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses in Ningxia.The results of this study are as follows:（1）Different supply of water and fertilizer had a significant effect on the growth of tomato shoots,root growth,and fruit growth,respectively,and the yield had a high correlation with the indicators of the root system and fruit daily increment.The yield in the solar greenhouse was Root length,root surface area,and root length of less than 1 mm were 0.778,0.500,and 0.508,respectively.The correlation coefficients in the plastic greenhouse were 0.639,0.694,and 0.861,respectively.The daily increment of fruit was linearly related to the yield,and the correlation coefficient was 0.85 in the solar greenhouse and 0.78 in the plastic greenhouse.（2）Differentsupply of water and fertilizer had a significant effects on tomato yield,partial productivity of fertilizers and water use efficiency.Under F₁and F₂conditions in greenhouses,tomato yields show an upward trend with the increase of irrigation volume,and with irrigation in F₃conditions.The increase in volume increases first and then decreases.Under W₁and W₃conditions,the yield of tomato increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.Under W₂condition,the yield first decreased and then increased with the increase of fertilizer application.The effect of water and fertilizer interaction on yield was extremely significant,with the highest yield(7112 kg·667m^-2)obtained in W₂F₃.In the plastic greenhouse,as the amount of irrigation and fertilization increase,the yield increases first and then decreases.The highest yield in W₂F₂(5106.38 kg·667m^-2)was not significantly different from W₂F₃.The water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the partial productivity of fertilizer decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount.In a conclusion,W₂F₃treatment in solar greenhouses yielded the highest yield(7112 kg·667m^-2),the highest fertilizer partial productivity（nitrogen 711.21 kg/kg,phosphorus 1422.43 kg/kg,potassium1137.94 kg/kg）and higher water use Rate（66.87 kg/m³）,higher yield(5030kg·667m^-2)at W₂F₃in plastic greenhouse,highest fertilizer partial productivity（nitrogen 503.02 kg/kg,phosphorus 1006.04 kg/kg,potassium 804.83 kg/kg）,and Higher water use efficiency（47.3 kg/m³）（3）The effect of different water and fertilizer supply on tomato quality was significant.In the solar greenhouse,the quality of tomato was not affected by the amount of irrigation,but soluble solids,soluble sugars,organic acids,and vitamin C all increased as the amount of fertilizer was increased.The trend was that the interaction between water and fertilizer had significant effects on tomato quality in the solar greenhouse.The maximum soluble solids content（6.76%）,maximum organic acid（0.48%）,and maximum VC content(39.54 mg·100 g^-1)were obtained at W₃F₁treatment.In plastic greenhouses,the effect of irrigation water and fertilizer interactions on the soluble sugar and vitamin C of tomato was extremely significant,and the effect of fertilizer application on the soluble sugar and organic acids of tomato was extremely significant.The maximum soluble solids were obtained at W₂F₂treatment（6.98%）and maximum soluble sugar（5.36%）,organic acid was highest at W₂F₃（0.504%）,maximum VC was obtained at W₁F₂(14.15 mg·100g^-1).（4）In the same water-fertilizer treatment,the plant height,stem diameter,root system characteristic parameters and daily fruit increment in the solar greenhouse were significantly larger than those in the plastic greenhouse.The average yield in the solar greenhouse increased by 23.9%compared with the plastic greenhouse.The soluble solids,soluble sugars,and organic acids in plastic greenhouses are superior to sunlight greenhouses,but their vitamin C content is lower than that in sunlight greenhouses.Comprehensive analysis in a greenhouse is more conducive to the development of tomato growth and yield.And in the plastic greenhouse is conducive to the formation of tomato flavor quality.（5）Comprehensive analysis W₂F₃treatment in solar greenhouse is the recommended supply of water and fertilizer to obtain the highest yield(7112kg·667m^-2),higher water use efficiency（66.87 kg/m³）,the highest fertilizer partial productivity and the most ideal fruit Grade distribution.The W₂F₂and W₂F₃treatments are better in plastic greenhouses.The highest yield(5106.38kg·667m^-2)can be obtained in W₂F₂treatment,and the optimal flavor quality（soluble solids（6.98%）and maximum soluble sugar（5.36%））is higher.Water use efficiency（47.3 kg/m³）.The yield of W₂F₃treatment was relatively high(5030 kg·667 m^-2).The VC content of fruit nutritional quality was high and the partial productivity of fertilizer was high,while the fruit grade distribution of W₂F₂treatment was more ideal.