| The fertilizer and water are two important factors for growth and development of the protected crops.Scientific and rational fertilizer and water management methods are important guarantees for achieving high quality and high yield.Currently,the extensive fertilizer and water management model still occupies a dominant position in China's protected cultivation field.The development of organic agriculture is an inevitable choice to achieve industrial upgrading,structural changes and transformation of management model.Under the organic substrate cultivation,the research on organic nutrient solution coupling with water is the important way to actualize the organic cultivation.According to problems of too low fertilizer and water utilization,succession cropping obstacle of soil,declined crop quality and destruction of ecological environment and others caused by the large amount of fertilizer application and irrigation during the production of protected tomatoes,the all-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling induction of protected tomatoes is studied in this paper.The research is aimed at exploring the management model of all-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling for tomatoes,determining optimal organic nutrient solution combined with water under organic substrate cultivation,and realizing the use of“zero”fertilizer,thus to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the all-organic nutrient production of protected tomatoes.The cherry tomato was used as the test material and the organic substrate in bag was selected as the cultivation method.Three organic nutrient solutions?F1:organic nutrient solution formula 1;F2:organic nutrient solution formula 2;F3:Japanese garden general formula?were set,and two irrigation amount levels?W1:100%ET at seedling period and rainy days,120%ET at other times;W2:120%ET at seedling period and rainy days,150%ET at other times?were set.This test studied the effects of all-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling on development and growth,photosynthesis,nutrient absorption and distribution,fruit quality,volatile components of tomato fruit,yield,and water use efficiency,etc.The main findings were as follows:1.All-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling has a significant effect on tomato morphological indexes.When the irrigation amount was constant,the morphological indexes of F1 and F2 were significantly higher than that of F3,and the overall growth of plants showed F2>F1>F3;when the nutrient solution was constant,the morphological indexes increased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount;From perspective of fertilizer and water coupling induction,the plants of F2W2 had the best growth and F3W1 had the worst growth.2.All-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling has a significant effect on photosynthesis of tomato.Under the same water condition,the effects of F1 and F2 on photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves were significantly higher than those of F3,and there was no significant difference between F1 and F2;under the same nutrient solution condition,the photosynthesis of leaves enhanced significantly with the increase of irrigation amount.3.All-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling has a significant impact on nutrient absorption and distribution of tomato.When the irrigation amount was constant,F1 and F2significantly promoted the plant absorption of nutrients and increased the distribution proportion of nutrients in the fruits compared to the inorganic nutrient solution.When the nutrient solution formula was constant,the cumulative absorption of N,P,and K in tomato plants increased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the rules of the distribution of the organs were basically the same.4.All-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling has a significant impact on fruit quality indexes and volatile components.Under the same irrigation condition,compared with F3 and F1,F2 treatment significantly increased the fruit soluble sugar,soluble protein,lycopene content and acid-sugar ratio content,and reduced nitrate content;under the same nutrient solution condition,quality indexes?excluding lycopene?treated with W1 were significantly higher than those of W2,indicating a“dilution effect”;fertilizer and water interactions had a significant effect on fruit nitrate content and had no effect on other quality indexes.The comprehensive quality evaluation showed that F2W1 treatment was the best.A total of 87 volatile components of fruit were detected by using GC-MS analysis.The number of types of volatile components of fruit and total content treated with organic nutrient solution were higher than those in the control inorganic nutrient solution.There was no difference in types of volatile components of fruit treated with different irrigation amounts,and the total content showed"dilution effect".5.All-organic nutrient fertilizer and water coupling has a significant effect on yield and irrigation water use efficiency.Under the same irrigation condition,there's no significant difference between the yields of F1 and F2 and their irrigation water use efficiency,and both were all significantly higher than those of F3.The yields were higher by respectively 12.71%and 15.59%on average,and the water use efficiency was higher by respectively 13.36%and16.32%on average;under the same nutrient solution condition,the yield of W2 was extremely significant higher than that of W1,while the water use efficiency was extremely significant lower than W1;the fertilizer and water interaction had significant and extremely significant effects on yield and water use efficiency in respective,F2W2 were with the highest yields up to 8.59kg·m-2,F2W1 were with the highest water use efficiency up to 18.38 kg·m-3.Generally,F2W1 is considered as the optimal fertilizer and water coupling treatment,which can be used as the all-organic nutrient solution and water management indicator.To be specific,carry out 100%ET irrigation amount at seedling period and raining days,while 120%ET irrigation amount at other times;at the same time,fertilization is performed according to the organic nutrient solution formula 2. |
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