| The experiment was carried out in the Wenxi County Dryland Wheat Test Base in Yuncheng County from 2017 to 2018.The test site is a hilly dry land with an average annual rainfall of about 450 mm and no irrigation test.The test variety is Lin feng No.3.The experiment is not carried out during the leisure period.Three kinds of sowing methods are set as the main area,which are the exploration and Furrow Sowing,Wide Drilling Sowing and Conventional Drilling Sowing,and the different sowing quantities are the sub-areas,respectively 75 kg·hm-2,150 kg hm-2,225 kg·hm-2,300 kg·hm-2,375 kg·hm-2 5 levels,study the amount of sowing in the three sowing methods of dryland wheat,on dry land The effects of soil water storage and vertical variation of 0—100 cm soil layer,agronomic traits,nitrogen metabolism,yield and composition factors,grain protein content,protein composition and processing quality of wheat at various growth stages were investigated.The amount of sowing provides a scientific basis for realizing high yield and quality of wheat in production practice.Main results:Under the sowing amount of 150 kg hm-2—375 kg·hm-2,the water storage capacity of 0—100 cm in the furrow sowing in each growing period was significantly higher than that in the wide drilling Sowing and conventional drilling sowing,but the amount was 75 kg·hm-2,the soil water storage in the wintering and flowering-mature stage was significantly higher than that in other treatments,and was significantly lower than other treatments at jointing-pregnancy.Under the same furrow sowing,the amount of soil water storage decreased gradually with the increase of sowing amount during the wintering period,and the amount of water stored in the jointing-flowering period increased.The water storage capacity at the mature stage was the highest in the amount of 75 kg·hm-2,with a minimum of 150 kg·hm-2.Under wide drilling sowing,the soil water storage increased first and then decreased during the wintering—flowering period,and the soil water storage at the maturity level was the highest with the sowing capacity of 375 kg·hm-2,150 kg·hm-2 lowest.After the same amount of treatment,the wide drilling sowing improved the total water consumption and water use efficiency of dryland wheat compared with other treatments,and increased the water use efficiency by 7%—11%,while the furrow sowing was increased by 3%compared with the conventional drilling sowing.Under the same amount of sowing,the total number of tillers,plant height and dry matter quality of wheat population were significantly improved in all growth stages compared with other treatments.Under the conditions of wide drilling sowing,the sowing quantities was 150 kg hm-2,and the effect was the best Under the sowing quantities 75 kg·hm-2,the treatment was the highest with wide drilling sowingCompared with conventional drilling sowing,the wide drilling sowing and furrow sowing in the growing period significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation of the plants.The spread of 150 kg·hm-2 and the wide drilling sowing capacity of 150 kg·hm-2 are more conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen in the later stage,which promotes the increase of nitrogen accumulation in the whole plant and the efficient transfer.The amount of nitrogen accumulated ultimately contributes to an increase in protein production Under the amount of 150 kg·hm-2—375 kg·hm-2,the amount of nitrogen before the flowering was the highest in the furrow sowing and the lowest in the conventional drilling sowing;the conventional seeding was carried out under the amount of 75 kg·hm-2.The highest processing.Under the conditions of mulching and wide-width seeding,the nitrogen transport capacity before and after flowering was highest at 150 kg·hm-2;the yield was 150 kg·hm-2—375 kg·hm-2.Nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency can be improved,and the nitrogen harvest index can be increased in the amount of 150 kg·hm-2—225 kg·hm-2.The wide drilling sowing distribution capacity of 150 kg·hm-2 is higher than other treatments,which improves nitrogen utilization efficiencyCompared with the conventional drilling sowing,the panicle length of the single plant at the maturity stage wide drilling sowing and furrow sowing increased significantly,and gradually decreased with the increase of the sowing amount.However,the number of fertile spikelets was significantly higher than that of the wide drilling sowing and conventional drilling sowing,and the number of infertile spikelets was mostly in the conventional drilling sowing.The planting and sowing capacity of the furrow sowing is 150 kg hm-2,the wide drilling sowing capacity is 150 kg hm-2,and the conventional drilling sowing capacity is 75 kg·hm-2 to increase the plant height,the length of the plant,and the small size.The number of spikes and the rate of filling,which in turn promotes yield increase.Compared with other treatments,wide drilling sowing increased the number of panicles,grain number per ear and yield,increased the number of panicles by 15%—18%,the number of panicles by 4%-10%,and the yield by 10%.The 1000-grain weight was higher than other treatments under the amount of 150 kg·hm-2—225 kg·hm-2.Under the conditions of mulching and wide-width sown,the number of panicles,grain number per ear and yield were highest at 150 kg·hm-2Compared with other treatments,the wide drilling sowing and distribution amount of 150 kg·hm-2 can improve the albumin,globulin,prolamin,gluten,glutamine ratio,protein content and yield;the soluble protein content is affected in the middle and late filling stage.The improvement effect is obvious.With wide drilling sowing,the furrow sowing was more conducive to the formation and enrichment of soluble sugar content,sucrose content,starch content,and the maximum amount of 150 kg·hm-2.Under the sowing capacity of 150 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2,the high-viscosity,low-valve viscosity,slack value,final viscosity,rebound value and gelatinization temperature of the exploration and gully treatment were higher than the wide drilling sowing;Under the sowing capacity of 150 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2,the gluten index and wet gluten content of the furrow sowing treatment were higher than that of the wide drilling sowing;the wide drilling sowing was better under the amount of 75 kg·hm-2The amount of planting and broadcasting in the furrow sowing is 150 kg·hm-2,and the wide drilling sowing capacity is 150 kg·hm-2,which improves the soil water storage in each growth period,which is conducive to the coordinated arrangement of water and improve water use efficiency.The wide-ranging sowing amount of 150 kg·hm-2 has the best effect,which can promote the increase of the number of tillers in the middle and late stages,which is conducive to constructing a reasonable group,promoting the growth of wheat,improving the plant height of wheat,and facilitating the accumulation of dry matter quality.The yield is increased mainly by the number of spikes;the nitrogen accumulation of grain is increased,and the nitrogen accumulation is efficiently transported;it is beneficial to increase nitrogen absorption efficiency,harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency.However,with the wide drilling sowing,the furrow sowing is more conducive to the formation and enrichment of soluble sugar content,sucrose content,starch content,and the maximum amount of 150 kg·hm-2,and the viscosity characteristics,gluten index and wet gluten content of starch.Water absorption,formation time and settling time are all higher than wide drilling sowing. |
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