Effects On Development Characteristics And Yield Of Winter Wheat Under The Different Sowing Method

In order to further clear the effect of sowing method on winter wheat yield and provide more high production and efficiency theoretical basis for winter wheat in the guanzhong area,the experiment had explored the difference between population structure, individual biological character, physiological characteristics, yield, soil physical and chemical properties of the winter wheat under the five kinds of sowing method, including bunch planting(T1),furrow–hole-sowing(T2), trench planting(T3), drilling(CK1) and broadcast planting(CK2),combined field test with indoor analysis and used “Shaan 627” as the material. The main results were following:(1) The group dynamic change of winter wheat had a same trend under the different planting way, but the structure was different in different growth stage under the same conditions.(2) The plant height of T2 was 90.44 cm, CK2 was 82.69 cm in mature stage of winter wheat, T2 was 7.61 cm higher than CK2 and had a significant difference with others.Leaf area of per plant winter wheat of T3 reached the maximum at the booting stage, so did the other four treatments in the filling stage; second root numbers in booting stage reflected that T3﹥CK2﹥CK1﹥T1﹥T2, and T3 was about 3.87, 6.75, 2.12 and 1 bigger than T1,T2,CK2 and CK1 respectively; The largest root shoot ratio: T3﹥CK2﹥T2≈CK1﹥T1, and T3 was about0.04,0.05 and 0.06 bigger than CK2,CK1 and T1 respectively.(3) Leaf chlorophyll content: T1﹥CK2﹥T3﹥T2=CK1, T1 was 22.8%,17.6% and 21.9% bigger than CK1,CK2 and T3 about,T3 was bigger than CK1 about 0.75% and litter than CK2 about 3.6%;Net photosynthetic rate T1﹥T2﹥T3﹥CK1=CK2, T1 was about 7.57%,10.97% and17.43% bigger than T2,T3 and CK.(4)Far numbers per mu: T2﹥T1﹥T3﹥CK1﹥CK2,T2 was 0.1%,11.1%,11.4% and16.5% bigger than T1,T3,CK1 and CK2,There had no significant differences among the five treatments on grain number per ear and thousand seed weight, theoretical yield: T1﹥T2﹥T3﹥CK1﹥CK2,the production of T1,T2 and T3 were increased about 25%,23%,9% than CK1,and about26%,24.5%, 10.3% than CK2 respectively. The production of T1, T2, T3 had a significant increase compared with CK1, CK2.(5) Sowing method had a greater influence on the soil water content and soil available nutrient at 0 ~ 20 cm soil horizon, but less on the totalnitrogen and organic matter content.Above results showed that dibbling, ditch dibbling and furrow sowing increased yield mainly by improving the germination rate, increasing the density of population, reducing the ineffective tillers, increasing tillering rate, increasing the mu panicles; delaying the senescence of leaf in filling stage, maintaining larger green leaf area, enhancing the leaf photosynthetic efficiency, promoting the accumulation of photosynthate of post-flowering and transportation. Besides, dibbling, ditch dibbling and furrow sowing methods were able to store water and retain soil moisture, which meets the needs on water in important growth period of winter wheat, also promotes the utilization ratio of the available nutrient, and finally obtained the high yield under the various advantages.