| Through field experiment,four treatments of fertilization,measurement and control fertilization,measurement and control + straw carbon,measurement and control + silicon potassium fertilizer were set up.The effects of straw charcoal and silicon potassium fertilizer on growth and development,water and nutrient utilization of winter wheat were studied to seek suitable local dry farming.Scientific fertilization measures for high-quality and high-yield wheat provide theoretical basis and practical support for solving the problems of organic fertilization in dryland soils and stable yield and high yield of wheat.The main results are as follows:(1)The number of stems reached the maximum during the greening period of wheat;the accumulation of dry matter in the growth period showed an upward trend;the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher than that of farmers,23.44%,25.62% and 18.57%,16.03%;The number of ears per hectare is straw carbon,silicon and potassium fertilizer is significantly higher than that of farmers,14.63% and 15.89% of the measurement and control,and the number of ears per hectare is the main factor affecting the yield.(2)The accumulation of NPK in the aboveground part of the growing period increased gradually,and the effects of straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer were more obvious in the late growth stage of wheat.The stage accumulation was the highest in the greening-jointing stage,indicating that this stage is the key period for wheat to absorb nutrients.The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of various organs in maturity showed grain > stem and leaf > hull > axis,and the maximum potassium uptake was stem;straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer increased the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption,and the difference was significant.Straw carbon increased the total amount of potassium absorbed by wheat,which was significantly higher than other treatments.(3)The apparent recovery rate of nitrogen and silicon potassium fertilizer was significantly increased by 38.89%.The apparent recovery rate of potassium was increased by 59.16% and 31.88% compared with the measurement and control treatment of straw carbon and silicon potassium.The harvest of carbon,phosphorus and potassium in straw was harvested.The indices were 59.23%,51.62%,and 17.07%,respectively,which were higher than farmers,and the measurement and control treatment;and the physiological efficiency of straw carbon was higher than that of farmers and measurement and control.(4)Water storage capacity and water use efficiency of 2m soil layer after harvesting Silicon and potassium fertilizers increased by 9.97%,2.39% and 20%,and 11.49% compared with farmers,and the production and control efficiency of straw was higher than that of farmers,and the measurement and control treatment was 21.59.%,14.79% and 18.43%,11.81%;the water consumption of straw carbon increased by 5.87% compared with the measurement and control treatment.(5)The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-200 cm soil layer gradually decreased with the deepening of the soil layer,and the leaching was more significant.The storage before sowing was mainly concentrated at 0-40 cm.The nitrate nitrogen in the 0-100 cm soil layer was the highest after harvest,and the straw carbon and silicon-potassium fertilizer were significantly lower than the 12.98% and 10.91% of the farmers,which reduced the nitrogen residue in the soil.(6)The change of available phosphorus content in soil,the effective phosphorus content in the four treatments was the most obvious in the surface soil of 0-20 cm after harvesting;the change of available phosphorus storage in 2m soil layer,silicon potassium fertilizer> farmers> straw carbon> measurement and control treatment,silicon potassium fertilizer The change of available phosphorus storage with straw carbon was higher than that of measurement and control treatment.In the 0-40 cm soil layer,the change of available potassium content of straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer was between 20.32-30.34mg/kg,which was greater than that of farmers,measured and controlled fertilization treatment;the effective potassium storage of soil after harvest,straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer Increased,farmers,measured and controlled potassium reduction.(7)The water-soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon straw were significantly increased by 7.72% and 66.67% compared with the measurement and control treatment;the easily oxidized organic carbon of straw carbon and silicon-potassium fertilizer was significantly higher than the measurement and control;light organic carbon and particulate organic carbon Straw carbon was significantly higher than farmers,measurement and control by 36.15%,25.88% and 20.53%,26.71%;recombinant organic carbon potassium fertilizer was significantly higher than farmers by 35.21%.The carbon content of microbial biomass nitrogen was significantly higher than that of farmers,measurement and control,and silicon and potassium fertilizers 41.12%,59.50%,and 19.67%.The particulate organic nitrogen straw carbon was significantly increased by 50% and 39.29% compared with farmers.Organic fertilizer can increase soil carbon and nitrogen content and soil activity,and improve soil environment.(8)The activity of surface activity of invertase and catalase increased during the growth period.The four treatments of catalase in maturity increased by 41.88%,48.67%,38.04% and 44.30%,respectively.The silicon and potassium fertilizers were significantly higher than the farmers by 7.17% and 8.86%,and the activity of the poplar stage was the highest.The phosphatase activity in the growth stage gradually decreased,and the lowest value in the mature period was 1.22 mg/kg.(9)During the growth period,the soil microbial biomass carbon straw carbon increased by 45.63%-83.92% and 3.45%-66.67% compared with the farmers.The biomass nitrogen reached a peak at jointing stage,and the silicon-potassium fertilizer was significantly increased by 34.53% and 28.34% compared with farmers,and the measurement and control of straw was significantly increased by 79.5% and 83.8% compared with farmers.The biomass phosphorus growth period showed an upward trend.Between 7.23mg/kg and 21.13mg/kg,straw carbon is significantly higher than farmers,measurement and control treatment.Straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer are better than farmers in the improvement of soil nutrient efficiency.According to the analysis of the test results,in the dry farming area of Jinnan,on the basis of measurement and control fertilization,appropriate application of straw carbon and silicon potassium fertilizer,wheat grain yield,biomass yield,soil microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen components Increased,and local precipitation is fully utilized,so it can be applied in local wheat areas. |
