Study On The Effect Of Different Quality Roughage On Production Performance Of Wandong Cattle And Its Mechanism

In order to explore the effect of roughage quality on the performance of Wandong cattle and its mechanism,this experiment used 6 heads of Wandong cattle weighing 3.5±0.5 years old and weighing 500±50kg,divided equally into 2 groups according to body weight.High-quality roughage oat grass(YMC)and low-quality roughage wheat grass(XMG)were fed separately.The concentrate diet was the same,and the ratio of dietary fat to crude was fed at 35:65.In the pre-experiment 10d,the test period was 60d,and the body weight was measured every two weeks.At the 45th day,digestion and metabolism tests were conducted to study the effects of different quality roughages on the performance and digestion and metabolism of Wandong cattle.After the end of the experiment,two groups of Wandong cattle were slaughtered after sample of body fluid,and body fluids,muscle tissue,intestinal contents and feces were taken.GC-MS technique was used to study the differences and correlations of different qualities of roughage on the quality characteristics of Wandong cattle.The results show:1.Effects of different quality roughages on the production performance of Wandong cattle.Oat grass can effectively improve the muscle quality of Wandong cattle.Feeding oat grass can significantly increase the DMI intake of Wandong cattle,reduce the muscle acidity,increase the cooked meat rate of muscles,increase the water retention rate of muscles,and increase the palatability and tenderness of muscles2.Effects of different quality roughages on digestion and metabolism and ruminal environment homeostasis in Wandong cattle.Oat grass is beneficial to increase the apparent digestibility of nutrient substances in Wandong cattle and maintain the rumen environment stability.The Wandong cattle fed oatgrass significantly increased the apparent digestibility of DM,EE,Ca,P,NDF,and ADF.Compared with the XMG group,the apparent digestibility of digestible nitrogen,nitrogen deposition,and nitrogen in the YMC group increased by 1.66,1.65,and 1.05 percentage points,respectively.Feeding oat grass does not affect the ruminal pH of the Wandong cattle,and can significantly increase the content of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein in the rumen,which is conducive to maintaining the rumen environmental homeostasis.3.Analysis of nutrient metabolism mechanism in Wandong cattle by humoral metabolismOat grass is beneficial to increase the species and content of nutrient substances in body fluid metabolism in Wandong cattle.In this experiment,GC-MS metabolomics method was used to detect 450,781 and 47 differential metabolites and 4 common differential metabolic pathways in plasma,rumen fluid and urine,respectively.The rumen fluid of Wandong cattle fed with oat grass contained a large amount of sitosterol,phytol and glycerol monooleate.The plasma contained a large amount of 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline and oleic acid triglyceride.The urine contained a large amount of Lysergide and other substances.4.Analysis of nutrient metabolism mechanism in Wandong cattle by intestinal content metabolismOat grass can be beneficial to the intestinal health of Wandong cattle and provide more nutrients for the body.In this experiment,GC-MS technology was used to deeply analyze the metabolism of small molecular substances in the small intestine contents of the Wandong cattle.A total of 348 differential metabolites and 75 differential metabolic pathways were found.The small molecule metabolites in the YMC group were significantly higher than those in the XMG group,and the intestinal contents of the Wandong cattle fed with oat grass contained a large amount of 5-aminovaleric acid,glucose acid,glucose-1-phosphate,quinic acid,melezitose,octopulose,sucrose,adenosine5-phosphate,ascorbicacid,glucoheptonic acid,and tartaric acid.5-aminovaleric acid,glucose acid,glucose-1-phosphate,4-hydroxybenzyl cyanide,and nitrate,melezitose,sedoheptulose,3-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid,sucrose,adenosine 5-phosphate,ascorbic acid,glucoheptonic acid,and tartaric acid.5.Analysis of nutrient metabolism mechanism in Wandong cattle by fecal metabolismOat grass can promote nutrient digestion and metabolism,while feeding wheat straw will affect the body's absorption and utilization of nutrients.In this experiment,GC-MS technology was used to deeply analyze the metabolism of small molecular substances in the manure of Wandong cattle.A total of 226 differential metabolites were analyzed,and 77.4%of the metabolites in the XMG group were significantly higher than those in the YMC group.The Wandong cattle feces containing large amounts of3a-ecdysone and wheat straw fed to oat grass contain a large amount of glucosides"androgen",cysteinyl glycine and nicotinyl glycine.6.Analysis of nutrient metabolism mechanism in Wandong cattle by muscle tissue metabolismOat grass can effectively improve the muscle quality of Wandong cattle.The experiment used GC-MS technology to deeply analyze the metabolism of small molecules in the Musk tissue of Wandong cattle.A total of 273 differential metabolites and 50 differential metabolic pathways were analyzed.The content of 64.8%metabolites in the YMC group was significantly higher than that in the XMG group.The muscle tissue of Wandong cattle fed with oat grass contains a large number of amino acid substances,5-methoxytryptamine,citric acid,?-ketoglutaric acid,xanthosine,1-monopalmitoyl palmitate,and ?-hydroxy nutmeg.Acids,diglycerin fatty acid esters,inosine and other substances.Conclusion:Feeding oat grass can improve the digestion and utilization of Wandong cattle and save roughage resources.It is beneficial to protect the health of the intestines and maintain the health of ruminants.It can also improve the metabolic pathway of amino acid biosynthesis in Wandong cattle and increase the nutrient content in muscles.Improve muscle quality and provide high-end meat products for humans.Feeding wheat grass will change the body's metabolic pathway,reduce the number and types of nutrient synthesis,and affect the ruminant production performance.