| The field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 at daolang town xuanzhuang village?116°54?E,36°12?N?,Tai'an,Shandong,China.A windy wheat Shannong 29 was selected as test material.The double factors'study which involved K application amount and K application time was set in High fertility powder loam plot?H?and Low fertility sandy loam plot?L?use supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinking hose.Two K application amounts were set as 120 kghm-2?traditional fertilization,K1?and 96 kghm-2?reduced 20%K compared with K1,K2?;The K application times was set 3 treatments:application of one time of potassium fertilizer?all potash fertilizer was used as base manure,T1?;application of two times of potassium fertilizer?50%potash fertilizer was used as base manure and additional potash fertilizer was applicated at jointing,T2?,application of three times of potassium fertilizer?50%potash fertilizer was used as base manure and 30%potash fertilizer was applicated at jointing and additional potash fertilizer was applicated at an thesis stage,T3?.Meanwhile,we set the whole growth period without K fertilizer treatment?T0?as control.The main results were as follows:1 Effects of potassium fertilizer management on soil potassium condition in different fertility plotsThe net potassium output was lower than potassium application amounts when the amounts of potassium application were 96 kg hm-22 and 120 kg hm-22 both in two plots,meanwhile the capacity of potassium was improved with the same condition.In high fertility powder loam plot,comparing with T1 treatment,T2 and T3 treatments could promote uptake of potassium by winter wheat in 20 to 60 cm layers;In low fertility sandy loam plot,comparing with T1 treatment,T2 and T3 treatments could reduce potassium fixation loss.However,the T3 treatment resulted in the increase of soil potassium residue.T1treatment can enhance the utilization of exogenous potassium fertilizer in two different fertility plots.2 Effects of potassium fertilizer management on photosynthesis and senescence of flag leaves after an-thesisof winter wheatin different fertility plotsUnder the amount of potassium applied was 120kghm-2,T2 and T3 treatments in high fertility powder loam plot and T2 treatment in low fertility sandy loam plot could maintain a higher photosynthetic rate in the middle and late stage of winter wheat grouting,improve the activities of superoxide dismutase?SOD?,catalase?CAT?and the contents of soluble protein?SP?and decrease malondialdehyde?MDA?compared with T1.However,there was no significant differences between T3 and T1 treatments in low fertility sandy loam plot.The trend was basically the same with 96 kghm-22 potassium applied.3Effects of potassium fertilizer management on dynamics of population and dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheatin different fertility plotsT2 and T3 treatment can reduce the population of winter,seedling establishment and jointing stage,increase the weight of stalk,improve the dry matter from flowing stage to mature period and the proportion of dry matter to grain under H plots with 120 kghm-2compared with T1.In L plot,the dry matter of flowing and mature stage was increased,the distribution of dry matter to grain at maturity and the dynamic change of population was consistent with the H plot.T3 treatment can decrease the population of winter,seedling establishment and jointing period,but the stalk weight and dry matter was not significantly.The trend was basically the same with 96 kghm-22 potassium applied.4Effects of potassium fertilizer management on nitrogen and potassium uptake of winter wheat in different fertility plotsSoil fertility level is positively correlated with the increase of K supply level.T2treatments in high fertility powder loam plot and low fertility sandy loam plot could increase the potassium supply intensity in the period of rapid growth of dry matter in winter wheat,so as to increase the potassium accumulation rate at jointing stage,plant K accumulation atflowing and maturity stage,and grain N accumulation,but had little effect on the total nitrogen accumulation of cob and glume in stem and leaf compared with T1.5Effects of potassium fertilizer management on soil K content and winter wheat yield in different fertility plotsPotash can improve soil available potassium connect both in high fertility powder loam plot and lowfertility sand loam plotwhich will significantly affect the amount of potassium absorbed by plants.The text plot,the times of potassium and their interaction affect the agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer and the production efficiency of potassium fertilizer and the crop yield significantly.Comparing with T1 and T3 treatments,T2 treatment can extend the active growth period and the actual final filling period in the same potassium amounts.Comparing with T1treatment,T3 treatment can increase the average grouting rate and the maximum grouting rate,but shortened the active growth period.Under the condition of applying potassium amount of120 kg hm-2,in high fertility powder loam plot,the yield of T2 and T3 were higher than that of T1 treatment,while there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 treatments.In low fertility sandy loam plot,the yield of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and T3 treatments.Comparing with the treatment with high potassium application rate,under the condition of applying potassium amount of 96 kghm-2,there was no significant difference in yield in high fertility powder loam plot when potassium application frequency is the same.However,the grain yield under T1 treatment and T2 treatment in loam of low fertility sand was significantly reduced.From what we has been discussed above,In high fertility powder loam plotand low fertility sandy loam plot,the appropriate amount of potassium application is 96 kg hm-2and120 kg hm-2,respectively,and both of them were suitable for50%potash fertilizer used as base manure and additional potash fertilizer applicatedat jointing. |
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