Effects Of Micro-Sprinkling Irrigation On Growth And Yield Of Summer Maize

Aiming at the serious shortage of water resources in China and the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in traditional facility agricultural production,the utilization of nutrients is low,resulting in soil environmental pollution.It is aimed at developing modern and efficient agricultural quality and efficiency,aiming at improving water and fertilizer utilization.The research uses summer maize as the experimental material,and the irrigation and fertilization treatment is carried out through the micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration technology.The experiment was carried out in the National Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Tai'an City,Shandong Province from June to October 2018.The summer maize was used as the test material,and the irrigation level was set to two irrigation levels,respectively W1(the lower irrigation limit was 75% field water holding capacity,The upper limit of irrigation is 90% of field water holding capacity),W2(the lower limit of irrigation is 60% of field water holding capacity,and the upper limit of irrigation is 80% of field water holding capacity).Each irrigation treatment set high nitrogen,medium nitrogen and low nitrogen fertilizer levels,which were N1(270kg/hm2),N2(180kg/hm2)and N3(90kg/hm2).To study the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and water fertilizer integration on summer maize growth,plant nitrogen uptake,soil nitrogen distribution,water consumption characteristics and yield,in order to explore the optimal water and nitrogen treatment,in order to achieve increased yield,efficient use of water and fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution.Technical Support.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount had significant effects on plant height and leaf area index of summer maize(p<0.05).The plant height of summer maize increased gradually with the increase of irrigation water and fertilizer,and reached the maximum value during the filling period.The irrigation level of W1 was 7.13% higher than that of W2,and the fertilization level of N1 and N2 was 5.5% higher and 5.06% higher than that of N3.From jointing stage to filling stage,the stem diameter of summer maize increased gradually with the advance of growth stage.The stem diameter decreased gradually from grouting stage to maturity stage.Under the interaction,the effect of irrigation and fertilization on stem diameter at jointing stage was very significant.The relationship between leaf area index and growth period of summer maize was parabolic,and the peak appeared in tasseling period.The leaf area index decreased gradually from tasseling stage to maturity stage.The dry matter accumulation of summer maize was proportional to the amount of irrigation and fertilizer.The dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of dry matter in all organs were expressed as spike > stem > leaf.T3 treatment(W1 irrigation level and N1 fertilization level)was the most favorable waterfertilizer combination for the growth of summer maize.(2)the nitrogen accumulation of above-ground part of summer maize under different irrigation and fertilization treatments increased gradually with the advance of growth period.At jointing stage,nitrogen accumulation in stem was 41.53% higher than that in leaf.During tasseling stage,nitrogen accumulation in all organs was expressed as stem > leaf > spike.During the filling period,nitrogen accumulation in all organs was expressed as > in stem,> in leaf,and > in grain.In the mature stage,the total nitrogen content of each part of the maize plant,from large to small,was in the order of grain >,stem >,leaf >,accounting for 56%,20%,14% and 10% of the total nitrogen accumulation of the plant,respectively.Irrigation and fertilization promoted the nitrogen absorption and utilization of summer maize plants.(3)irrigation level significantly affects the distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen content.Soil nitrate nitrogen content was significantly affected by the level of fertilization(p<0.05),and the nitrate nitrogen content migrated downward with the advancement of growth period.The nitrate nitrogen content in low nitrogen treated soil had no significant change in the whole growing period and between different soil layers.The accumulation and distribution of ammonium nitrogen content in soil were relatively uniform during the growth periods of summer maize,and the increase of irrigation water had no significant effect on the ammonium nitrogen content in soil before the harvest of summer maize,but excessive irrigation water inhibited the ammonium nitrogen content in soil at the mature stage.(4)the yield and composition of summer maize increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer application,showing a significant correlation.The ear length,ear width,row number and grain number of ear of summer maize were directly proportional to the amount of irrigation and fertilization,and the effect of N1 fertilization level on the increase of summer maize yield was better than that of N2 and N3 fertilization levels.The maximum yield of summer maize appeared in T3 treatment.Under the interaction of irrigation level and fertilization level,the maximum value of WUE is T2 treatment =22.41kg/m3,and the minimum value is T3 treatment =20.08 kg/m3,and the maximum value is 11.6% higher than the minimum value.The results of this experiment show that T3 treatment,ie W1 irrigation level and N1 fertilization level,are the most suitable water and fertilizer combination for summer maize growth,increase and increase efficiency,and the recommended water and fertilizer management model for this experiment.