| The A.rugosa is a kind of Chinese herbal which can be used to nourish yin and engender liquid,also can be used to moisten the lungs and clear away the heart-fire.A.rugosa which was produced in the province of Sichuang,Hebei,andJiangsu.On the basis of exploring the biological characteristics,flowering habit,stigma receptivity,pollen viability of A.rugosa,this paper measured some to A.rugosa.Meanwhile,to the question of long cultivated time and low yield of A.rugosa,another kind of pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of ammonium nitrogen in different parts on its growth and quality.Results obtained were as follows.1.The A.rugosa from Chengdu had the largest stoma diameter,greatest stoma density,and the longest non-glandular,the chlorophyll contents were also significantly higher than other eares.The light saturation point(LSP)and light compensation point(LCP)of A.rugosa from different areas between 688.67-1244.56 ?mol·m-2·s-1 and 19.42-73.62?mol·m-2·s-1,apparent quantum yield(AQY)of A.rugosa from Shangqiu was the highest.The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of different areas A.rugosa were both bimodal curves,which appeared at 10:00 and 16:00.And an obvious midday depression of photosynthesis appeared at 14:00,the photosynthesis siesta influenced mostly by stomatal limitation factor.Research showed that:Among the five A.rugosa areas,the leaf structure existed differences.A.rugosa cultivated in Sichuan showed a better ability to adapt to the light environment and photosy-nthetic capacity.2.Proper under natural conditions,the flowering habit was identical in the different areas,the majority of Agastache rugosa kept blooming in July to August,the flowering stage of populations was approximately 15-28 days,the life span of a single flower was about 3 to 5 days.The pollen viability of Agastache rugosa from different areas with the increase of blooming time which showed a first increased and then decreased trend,average pollen viability between 18.46%and 26.52%.Among the five areas,the highest average pollen viability from Chengdu,the lowest average pollen viability from Jilin.The life span of pollen was 4 to 5 days,stigma receptivity can continued 5 to 6 days.At the same time,the stigma receptivity of Agastache rugosa from different areas had receptivity before blooming first day,also had higher receptivity in 2 to 3 days.So the optimum artificial pollination time of different sources Agastache rugosa were 2 to 3 day after blooming.In addition,the pollen shape of Agastache rugosa from different areas of mainly spheroidicity and subglobose.the pollen size between 42.93×31.99 ?m and 46.59x37.67 ?m,and with 6 germinal furrows that shape was long and narrow,almost reaching the poles.The surface emblazonry was netting,the shapes of pollen mesh are mostly irregular polygons to nearly round.3.The chromosome numbers of A.rugosa from five different areas were 18.Chromosome types of A.rugosa consisted of sm,m,st and M,Asymmetry coefficient between59.48%and 65.43%.The Karyotype of A.rugosa from HD was 3B,The others were 2B.4.The essential oils of A.rugaso from different regions were extracted by steam distillation,the chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the relative percentage of each component was calculated by normalization method of the chromatographic peak area,so as to provide the experimental evidence for the development and clinical application of A.rugaso.The results showed that 39,40,42,35,39 compounds of essential oils were identified from Shangqiu,Anguo,Handan,Changchun,Chengdu.The main chemical constituents of essential oils of A.rugaso from different regions were similar,but there were significant different in the kinds and contents of essential oils from different regions.5.The content of photosynthetic pigment in the leaves of A.rugosa with the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio increasing,increased firstlly and then decreased.When the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio was 25:75,the content of photosynthetic pigment,photosynthesis rate was the highest,meanwhile,the relative content of main chemical component of menthone and pulegone were the same trends;When the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio was 100:0,the content of chlorophyll(a),carotenoid of A.rugosa in leaves were the lowest,but,the relative content of main chemical component of D-limonene and methylchayicol were the highest;The activities of GS,GOGAT,and NR in leaves of Arugosa were the highest at the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of 75:25,so was the content of ammonium nitrogen in different parts of A.rugosa;When the NH4--N/NO3--N ratio was 50:50,the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in stem of A.rugosa were the lowest;5:75,both the content of total flavonoids and oil of A.rugosa were the highest.6.With the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of increasing,the single-plant dry weight and wet weight and the content of soluble sugar in leaves of A.rugosa increasing firstlly and then decreased.And,when the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio was 25:75,both the content of total flavonoids and oil of A.rugosa were the highest.The characteristics of photosynthetic,biomass and main chemical component of A.rugosa were significantly influenced by NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio goes to 25:75.Meanwhile,it could promote the photosynthesis rate more effectively and increace the content of oil of A.rugosa.Besides,the promoting effect was more noticeable than the single nitrogen form nutrition. |
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