| It is scarce that research in interspecies relationship among agroforestry system based on light environment.The agroforestry system solar radiation under trees act as energy of intercropping plants photosynthesis,which directly affects the intercrop of ecological process and the level of productivity.this research about fruit trees shade range and intensity of shade in the apple trees and agriculture intercropping system is key to intercropping system configuration and the distance,but,the study about fruit trees shade range only used by empirical expression in nowadays.Therefore,because of Similarity principle on parallel ray,a apple tree was reduced 50 times.And it was made tree model,which was used to study that tree shade range.In the analysis is about crown shade range in different apple tree age.Based on the study of the shade range of fruit trees per tree(4,5,6,7 years old)in Jixian Shanxi province,it is analyzed that the shading range?repeated shade range?shading time about single apple tree.So,there is planting methods about crop in intercropping system and improving the economic benefits of fruit complex system.The results show:(1)In The Improved Canopy Shading Mathematical Model.The measurement range in study compared with the theoretical calculation range that was calculated by the solar altitude and solar azimuth,so that optimized calculation formula of shade range for the apple tree.After Using the optimized fixed Using the fixed azimuth angle and fixed elevating angle,the Region overlay between modified Canopy shade with actual shade achieves 94%.As a result,the improved mathematical model can accurately simulate the actual crown canopy shading shade range.(2)About temporal and spatial distribution in different apple trees configuration aspects.The results showed:1)According to apple tree shade range,shade range of 4-7 years apple tree appears regular change.2)The shady boundary of the tree the north side of the tree is always larger than the south about shady boundary of the tree.It is unreasonable for intercropping to design with the same distance about apple intercropping system in study area.we should consider the shade boundary position about the north and south,and we should consider the difference side in south and north.3)The length become longer form the canopy shade area to apple tree.So,with the distance to the tree is closer,light competition is fierce between the tree and crops.4)The shade range and the shading time of the trees increased,with increasing of tree age.Therefore,the light competition increased with the age between fruit trees and crops.The tree shade area lasting 4-5 hours grows with the age.But,the shade area of 6-7 hours first slowly increased to 6 years,then rapid growth(3)About temporal and spatial distribution in different apple trees configuration aspects:1)Through the analysis of shading between apple trees,the overshading area time is from 3 to 8 hours,and the position near the center of the tree,the time of overshading area is longer.This result provides a theoretical basis for intercropping planting area in by means of the shading time and length of shade.2)With the growth of the tree age,the strong shading area increased,and the unshaded area and the weak shade area decreased;In the same shade length,the shading area increased with the growth of the tree age,The apple trees appear to be overlaid between the tree line after more than seven years of apple tree,due to the amount of light that is caused by intercropping is not sufficient,and crop growth is limited.Therefore,the cultivation of intercripping should stop after seven years of apple tree.1)For spacing in the study area 4 × 5m,5 × 5m configuration mode.According to shading time,4-6 years-old apple trees study is divided into three region(the weak shade area,the middle shade area,strong shade area).7 years-old apple trees is divided into two region(the middle shade area,strong shade area).intercropping plating area should be chosen on shading-free zones and the weak shade area;... |
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