Effects Of Fixed Combined Application Of Cow Dung And Chemical Fertilizer On Yield And Quality Of Cucumber And Pepper And Cultivated Soil In Plastic Greenhouse

Long-term excessive and unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers has severely restricted the healthy development of China's facility vegetable industry,so it is one of the research hot spots of vegetable cultivation in facilities nowadays that partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers to achieve a fertilization method that reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer apphed.This study is a positioning test for Partial replacement of fertilizer with cow manure as base fertilizer for Four times of plastic greenhouse vegetables cultivation in two years,in the case where the amount of nitrogen applied in each treatment is the same,2 tons(T1),3 tons(T2),and 4 tons(T3)of cow manure per mu are used to replace the same proportion of chemical fertilizer and single application chemical fertilizer(CK),for a total of 4 deal with.Through the analysis of the growth,yield and quality of spring-cultivated cucumber(third cultivation)and autumn-cultivated pepper(fourth cultivation)with different fertilization treatments,the effects of different fertilization methods on cultivated vegetables were explored,And through the determination of-rhizosphe;e so1l related index during the cultivation of spring-cultivated cucumber(third cultivation)and autumn-cultivated pepper(fourth cultivation)to exploring the effects of different fertilization methods on soil cultivation in plastic greenhouse,finally,through comprehensive analysis,selecting the best cow manure in plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation as the substitute ratio of base fertilizer to fertilizer,which was used as a theoretical basis to achieve chemical fertilizer reduction and promote sustainable development of facility vegetable cultivation for the strategic goal of planting vegetable manure to replace fertilizer in central and southern Henan Province area.1.The test has the following conclusions:Effects of-different fertilization treatments on growth,yield and quality of cucumber in autumn and cultivated pepper in plastic greenhouseT1 is most conducive to the accumulation of dry matter on the ground and underground of cucumber plants,the photosynthesis of T1 and T2 cucumber leaves is the strongest,and T3 is the most beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter of pepper fruits.In the spring cucumber cultivation process,T1,T2 and T3 increased yield by 4.67%,4.12%and 1.06%,respectively.In the autumn pepper cultivation process,Tl,T2 and T3 increased yield by 8.46%,7.00%and 1.46%,respectively.Therefore,the combination of cow manure and chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer is most beneficial to the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plastic greenhouse vegetables.Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer(CK),cow manure as a base fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can significantly increase the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in cucumber and pepper fruits,and can significantly reduce the organic acid and nitrate content of cucumber,so T1 is optimal during spring cucumber cultivation,and T2 is optimal during autumn pepper cultivation.2.Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil cultivation of plastic greenhouse vegetablesBy comparing and analyzing the rhizosphere soil indexes during the the last two vegetable cultivation process in plastic greenhouses:Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer(CK),the changes of soil available nutrients before and after T1,T2 and T3 fertilization were small and the fertilizer effect lasted for a long time.At the same time,the content of organic matter in soil increased with the increase of the proportion of cow manure.By analyzing the microbes in the rhizosphere soil of cultivated pepper in autumn:After fertilization,the relative amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of each treatment was basically the same.The bacterial content was the highest when cow manure completely replaced chemical fertilizer(T3),the highest number of fungi was CK,and T1 and T2 were the lowest.The number of bacteria T2 and T3 is the highest.Comprehensive analysis of various indicators of crop rhizosphere soil during cultivation showed that T2 was the best.By comparing and analyzing the soil fertility of plastic greenhouses after four times of locating cow dung instead of chemical fertilizers:With the increase of cultivation times,the total nitrogen content in the surface layer of CK soil decreased,the total nitrogen content in the surface soil of T1 and T2 soils was relatively stable,and T3 had an upward trend.The soil nitrogen content in the surface layer was too high which caused soil salinization so T1 and T2 treatments are optimal.The soil available phosphorus is concentrated in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and the available phosphorus content in the single application of chemical fertilizer(CK)soil is always lower and significantly lower than other treatments.With the increase of cultivation times,the available phosphorus in the treatment with cow dung is on the rise,while the high-speed available phosphorus in the soil surface is likely to cause soil salinization,so compared with CK,other treatments should not apply or apply less phosphate fertilizer in the topdressing process.At the same time,the soil available phosphorus content after spring vegetable pulling was significantly lower than that of autumn vegetable cultivation,showing seasonal dynamic changes.When chemical fertilizers is partially replaced by cow manure(T1 and T2),the soil available potassium content shows a seasonal trend,which is the opposite of available phosphorus.With the increase of cultivation times,the content of available potassium in the surface soil of single fertilizer(CK)and cow manure completely replaced fertilizer(T3)showed a downward trend,and the loss of CK available potassium was obvious.Therefore,T1 and T2 have the best effect.Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer(CK),the organic matter content of each treatment soil increased with the increase of the proportion of cow manure as the base fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and the increase of the number of cultivation experiments.Compared with the soil organic matter content before the start of the experiment,After two years positioning test,the changes in soil organic matter content in the surface layers of T1,T2,T3 and CK were 5.302g/kg,7.246g/kg,8.736g/kg and-2.329g/kg,respectively.Comprehensive analysis shows that T1 and T2 can improve the yield and quality of greenhouse vegetables on the basis of improving soil structure and improving soil fertility,and there is no significant difference between the two methods of fertilization.Considering the input cost problem,T1 is the best.