Research On The Design Of Multifunctional Bulk Grain Carrier

China is a major producer and consumer of grain,with an annual output of more than 500 million tons.In China,the lack of special grain transport machinery has resulted in certain grain loss and pollution in the field transportation of wheat and maize after harvest.At present,most of the grain transfer operations in Huanghuai-Haihai region are transported in bulk or directly in bags by agricultural diesel tricycles modified by farmers themselves,and there is a lack of a kind of grain transfer vehicle suitable for this area.This paper investigates the development status of mechanization technology of field transportation after grain harvest at home and abroad,and designs and manufactures a bulk grain transport vehicle with multiple functions in view of the geometric characteristics,operation characteristics,type characteristics of combine harvester and seeder as well as the requirements of grain transportation in Huang-Huai-Hai region,where wheat and maize are the main grain crops.The main research work includes the following aspects:(1)By investigating and analyzing the grain storage volume and seed box height of the combine harvester in Henan Province,the main functions of the vehicle are determined as transshipment,grain loading and seed addition.The technical schemes of grain receiving,grain loading,grain unloading and seed addition are put forward,and the main structural parameters of the bulk grain transport vehicle are designed.The shape size of the vehicle carriage is designed according to the grain storage capacity of the combine harvester,and the maximum seed adding height is determined according to the seed box height of the seeder.(2)Taking flexible grain loading,efficient unloading and multi-angle flexible seed supply as·the main design objectives,the grain transportation system was designed and its parameters were calculated.A three-way bend pipe is designed to connect the flexible conveyor and the vehicle conveyor.The inner part of the bend pipe is equipped with a T-shaped gear reversing box.The function of directly loading the dried grain from the ground into the carriage is realized.A manual rotating mechanism is designed for the vertical mixing drum to facilitate the transformation of loading state and adding state.The rotation of vertical conveyor barrel and the rotation of inclined pipe and elbow can realize the seeding operation adapted to the height of seed box of different seeders.(3)Design the hydraulic system of the vehicle.The main functions of the system include dump of carriage,rotation of stirring dragon and tilting of vertical stirring dragon.The tractor rear output shaft is used as the power source of the hydraulic pump and driven by the gearbox.Each function is separately controlled by manual multi-way reversing valve.The tilting angle of the carriage is controlled by self-unloading hydraulic cylinder.The adding height is controlled by adding a hydraulic cylinder.The grain transportation volume can be controlled by a hydraulic motor and a one-way throttle valve used in conjunction with it.(4)Simulating and testing the grain transportation system.EDEM discrete element software was used to simulate the grain conveying system on vehicle,and the relationship between the rotational speed of the agitator and the grain conveying volume was obtained:with the increase of the rotational speed,the grain conveying volume increased.With the increase of rotational speed,the growth rate of conveying capacity slows down when it exceeds 500 r/min.In order to verify the relationship between the rotational speed of the agitator and the transporting volume and determine the optimum rotational speed,a grain transporting system test-bed was set up and the rotational speed of the agitator was calibrated.The effects of the rotational speed of the agitator and the inclination angle of the seed on the transporting volume were studied.According to the determined:the optimum grain filling speed is 400 r/min,and the speed of seed adding is 150-200 r/min according to the height of seed box,which can be adjusted according to the height of different kinds of box.requirements of grain filling and seed adding,a set of optimum speed regulation ranges are(5)Complete the processing and testing of the prototype,give the matters needing attention in the process of processing and assembling,and test the straight-line driving performance and full-load operation driving performance of the whole vehicle according to the agricultural trailer test method.The test results show that the performance of the multi-functional bulk grain transporter meets the performance requirements.