| Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil application of nanochitin on the accumulation and translocation of dry matter,nitrogen,zinc and iron in winter wheat after anthesis.The transcriptome analysis of flag leaf and spike under the treatment of 0 and 6 mg kg-1 nanochitin was carried out.This study explored the mechanism of nanochitin improving grain yield and grain nitrogen,zinc and iron content systematicly,which to provide theoretical and practical basis for the application of nanochitin in wheat production.1 The appropriate dosage of nanochitin could significantly increase grain yield,total dry matter accumulation of winter wheat at anthesis,maturity and post-anthesis stage,dry matter accumulation of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,and dry matter translocation amount from vegetative organ to grain,transport rate and contribution rate.Compared with control,the best treatment of 6 mg kg-1 of nanochitin rate could significantly increase the above indicators by 16.15%,16.01%,15.35%,27.90%,9.98%,38.35%,4.17%,4.49%respectively.2 The appropriate dosage of nanochitin could significantly increase the average nitrogen concentration of winter wheat plant at anthesis and maturity,the nitrogen concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,the total nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat plant at anthesis,maturity and post-anthesis stage,the nitrogen accumulation of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,and the nitrogen translocation amount from vegetative organ to grain,transport rate and contribution rate.Compared with control,the best treatment of 6 mg kg-1 of nanochitin rate could significantly increase the above nitrogen concentration by 20.03%,18.81%,13.24%,15.63%respectively;increase the above nitrogen accumulation by 38.83%,37.40%,30.00%,45.33%,25.00%respectively;increase the above nitrogen translocation amount,transport rate and contribution rate by 50.91%,4.17%,2.72%respectively.3 The appropriate dosage of nanochitin could increase the average zinc concentration of winter wheat plant at anthesis and maturity,the zinc concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,the total zinc accumulation of winter wheat plant at anthesis,maturity and post-anthesis stage,the zinc accumulation of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,and the zinc translocation amount from vegetative organ to grain and transport rate.Compared with control,the best treatment of 6 mg kg-1 of nanochitin rate could significantly increase the above zinc concentration by 16.41%,17.75%,16.27%,12.88%respectively;increase the above zinc accumulation by 35.33%,36.56%,40.00%,48.70%,24.11%respectively;increase the above zinc translocation amount,transport rate by 58.18%,5.48%respectively.4 The appropriate dosage of nanochitin could increase the average iron concentration of winter wheat plant at anthesis and maturity,the iron concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,the total iron accumulation of winter wheat plant at anthesis,maturity and post-anthesis stage,the iron accumulation of grain and vegetative organ at maturity stage.Compared with control,the best treatment of 6 mg kg-1 of nanochitin rate could significantly increase the above iron concentration 8.33%,8.32%,15.67%,11.88%respectively;increase the above iron accumulation by 25.83%,25.68%,21.88%,46.93%,23.03%respectively.5 For the endogenous hormone levels and activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes,applying 6 mg·kg-1 of nanochitin application rate significantly increased the concentration of IAA,GA,ZR both in flag leaf and spike at anthesis stage,the concentration of GA in flag leaf and spike,and ABA in flag leaf at 15-days after the grain filling,also significantly enhanced the activities of SPS,SS,GS,GOGAT,PEPC and Rubisco in flag leaf and spike at anthesis and 15-days after the grain filling.The results of transcriptome and qPCR also showed that applying 6 mg·kg-1 nanochitin could affect the expression of genes related to carbon and nitrogen translocation in flag leaf and spike of winter wheat,regulate photosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism in flag leaf and spike,and regulate plant hormone signal transduction and nitrogen metabolism in spike,which confirmed that nanochitin promoted carbon and nitrogen metabolism in winter wheat.We also found that applying 6 mg·kg-1 nanochitin reduce the ratio of SPS to PEPC in flag leaf and spike both at the anthesis and 15-days-after anthesis,which suggested that nanochitin promote N metabolism more than C metabolism.6 Our result also showed that the average zinc concentration of winter wheat plant at anthesis and maturity,the zinc concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity were positively correlated with the average nitrogen concentration of plant at anthesis and maturity,the nitrogen concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,respectively(r=0.988**,r=0.972**,r=0.885**,r=0.973**),the average iron concentration of winter wheat plants at anthesis and maturity,the iron concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity were positively correlated with the average nitrogen concentration of plant at anthesis and maturity,the nitrogen concentration of grain and vegetative organ at maturity,respectively(r=0.971**,r=0.963**,r=0.866**,r=0.973**),which suggested nanochitin affects zinc and iron concentration in plant and grain by regulating plant nitrogen nutrition in plant and grain. |
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