Soil Microbial In The Forest Of Wolong Nature Reserve Based On High-throughput Sequencing Technology

In order to investigate the composition of categories,abundances and community structures of soil microorganisms which under different forests in Wolong Nature Reserve.Eleven soil samples gathered from alpine shrub,alpine grassland,coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest are tested by Illumina HiSeq sequence.Flora V4 of bacteria 16 S rRNA and flora 1 of fungi ITS1 in these samples are detected by OTUs clustering with 97% identity.With the exertion of software,or means like Uparse and Silva132 database,we obtained the effective sequences of samples and added annotations for them.Eventually,we confirmed the types of microorganism and relative abundance and analysed the physical and chemical properties of soil,microorganism diversity and their correlation.(1)According to high-throughput sequencing of flora V4.Soil under different vegetation types in Wolong Nature Reserve contains 74 phylum level bacteria.Apart from unidentified species,the top eight Phylum level bacteria mainly distribute in Proteobacteria(39.72%)? Acidobacteria(25.94%)? Actinobacteria(11.22%)?Gemmatimonadetes(4.42%)? Chloroflexi(4.46%)? Rokubacteria(2.32%)?Bacteroidetes(2.06%)and Nitrospirae(1.61%).Soil under different vegetation types contains a total of 738 genus level bacteria.Apart from unidentified species,the top three genus level bacteria mainly distribute in Candidatus_Solibacter(2.49%),Bryobacter(2.53%),and Sphingomonas(1.13%).16 genus level bacteria are also detected in ITS1 sequence and there are Ascomycota(34.46%),Basidiomycota(28.22%)and Mortierellomycota(5.97%).There are totally 453 gungus genera in the soil.They mainly distribute in Archaeorhizomyces(11.51%),Inocybe(7.41%),Tricholoma(2.50%),Tuber(2.08%)and Lactarius(1.79%)?(2)Viewing from different vegetation types,among the dominant genera with more than 1% relative abundance,the bacteria in alpine shrub are Candidatus_Solibacter(2.91%)and Bryobacter(2.72%);The fungus are Archaeorhizomyces(18.48%),Inocybe(6.91%),Hymenogaster(1.81%)and Clavulina(1.66%).Bacteria in alpine grassland are Candidatus_Solibacter(2.68%),Bryobacter(1.92%),Sphingomonas(1.15%)and Haliangium(1.17%);The fungus are Archaeorhizomyces(15.84%)and Ramariopsis(7.38%).The bacteria in coniferous forest are Candidatus_Solibacter(1.89%),Bryobacter(2.13%)and Sphingomonas(1.78%);Fungus are Inocybe(8.47%),Tuber(6.90%),Lactarius(3.90%),Cortinarius(3.16%),Hymenogaster(2.63%)and Sebacina(2.39%).Coniferous forest are Candidatus_Solibacter(2.34%),Bryobacter(3.22%)and Sphingomonas(1.18%);The fungus are Archaeorhizomyces(6.40%),Inocybe(4.72%)and Tuber(5.84%).Bacteria in broad-leaved forest are Bryobacter(1.11%),Sphingomonas(1.26%)and Gaiella(1.33%);Fungi is Tricholoma(47.80%).(3)In the analysis of discrepancies between Alpha biodiversity index sets,the diversity if bacteria and fungus decrease gradually.Plus,the discrepancies of ACE index,Shannon index and chao1 index all displayed that coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest possesses the largest index.By analyzing both rarefraction curve and Rank Abundance,we get the fact that the species diversities of the soil in different vegetation types are various.The result of diversities of fungus species under vegetation types is: Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>Alpine shrub>Coniferous forest>Alpine meadow>Fallen broad-leaved forest.The result of diversities of fungus species in the soil is Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>Alpine shrub>Coniferous forest>Alpine meadow>Fallen broad-leaved forest.Therefore,the diversity of microorganism in Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is extremely abundant.The second is Alpine shrub.By contrast,the diversity of microorganism in Fallen broad-leaved forest.is relatively single.(4)In the analysis of Beta diversity,it has been found out in cluster tree that the similarities of soil microorganism under different vegetation types exist discrepancy.It has also been found out the construction bacterial community of Alpine shrub and Alpine meadow share a high similarity.The constructions of bacterial community of Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and Coniferous forest also share a high similarity.But this two sets of bacterial community constructions with similar vegetation types has an evident discrepancy with Fallen broad-leaved forest and a low similarity.(5)By detecting physicochemical property,soil under different vegetation types have different pH concentrations,organic matter,available nutrients available nitrogen and total nutrients.Over all,through Mantel test analysis,there is a positive correlation between environmental factors like pH concentration,organic matter,available nutrients available nitrogen and total nutrients and bacteria and fungus.Environmental factors have an influence on microorganism.In order to understand the environmental factors' impact on microorganism species,we did a Spearman correlation analysis of towards environmental factors and microorganism species and a contrastive analysis towards the correlation between the two.The studies of the diversity,abundance,community construction and correlation between soil microorganism and physicochemical property of soil microorganisms which are in different vegetation types have great importance on understanding how to utilize and maintain earth sustainably.And they also have a significant effect on increasing the fertility of soil and improving the functions of soil.