| Cryptosporidium,Blastocystis spp,Enterocytozoon bieneusi are three common intestinal zoonotic protozoa with wide prevalences,its transmitted by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water or fodder Coccidiosis is a common intestinal protozoal disease caused by a variety of coccidia of Eimeria which parasitize in the epithelial cells of goats or sheep intestinal mucosa,it can infect any age sheep and lead animal to show slow growth and decreased reproductive ability.Lambs are most susceptible to coccidia and the mortality rate is extremely high too.All above intestinal protozoal diseases not only cause great economic losses to the animal husbandry,but also seriously threaten the public health.In order to clarify the prevalence of Cryptosporidium,Blastocystis spp,Enterocytozoon bieneusi and coccidia in some areas of China and the genotype distribution of three zoonotic pathogens.A total of 935 samples of sheep/goats feces from Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning et al,were collected and detected by microscopic examination and PCR,The infection status and the genotype distribution of three intestinal protozoa in these region were found,and the zoontic risk of Cryptosporidium,Blastocystis spp,Enterocytozoon bieneusi were assessed too.Microscopic examination of 935 sheep feces samples from six regions of Henan,Guizhou,Shaanxi,Liaoning,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang was carried out by centrifugal sedimentation,Lugol's iodine staining and saturated sucrose solution floatation.The total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 83.9%(784/935),166 samples were mixed infected with 2 to 4 intestinal parasites.Total 7 intestinal parasites were found,and infection rate of Eimeria spp,amoeba,Trichocephalus,Strongyle spp,Nematodirus spp,Moniezia benedeni,dicrocoelium was 81.1%(758/935),11.2%(105/935),3.2%(30/935),9.2%(86/935),0.4%(4/935),2.1%(20/935),and 0.1%(1/935)respectively,obviously,the dominant one was Eimeria.Infection rates of farm in Henan,Guizhou,Shaanxi,Liaoning,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang was 92.1(269/292)%,79.6(86/108)%,100%(68/68),100%(35/35),87%(20/23)and 75.5%(306/409)respectively.Based on the SSU rRNA gene,52 samples of 935 were amplified and identified successfully as Cryptosporidium,the total Cryptosporidium infection rate was 5.6%(52/935).Three species of Cryptosporidium were identified,C.xiaoi(n=20),C.ubiquitum(n=28)and C.parvum(n=4).Among them,C.ubiquitum is the dominant one.The Cryptosporidium infection rate of Henan was the highest among the six regions,which was 16.8%(49/292),follow by Shaanxi and Liaoning,1.5%(1/68)and 5.7%(2/35)respectively.While,no Cryptosporidium was found in Guizhou,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.Among three Cryptosporidium,C.parvum and C.ubiquitum are accepted zoonotic species.Based on the SSU r RNA gene,112 positive samples of Blastocystis spp were detected from 935 feces samples,the total infection rate wasl2.0%(112/935),six subtypes were found,which were ST 10,ST 1,ST 4,ST 5,ST 6,and ST 14.Among them,five gene subtypes were identified in Henan,namely ST 10,ST 1,ST 4,ST 5 and ST 14,and the total infection rate was 31.5%(92/292),two species,ST 10 and ST 6 were identified and the total infection rate was 4.6%(5/108)in Guizhou,ST 10 and ST 14 were identified,and the total infection rate was 7.4%(5/68)in Shaanxi.ST 10 and ST 5 were identified and the total infection rate was 39.1%(9/23)in Inner Mongolia,only one subtype of ST 10 was identified,and the infection rate was 2.9%(1/35)in Liaoning;There no positive samples of Blastocystis.spp was detected in Xinjiang.According to previous reports,ST 1?ST 4?ST 5?ST 6 were zoonotic subtypes.Based on the ITS gene,324 sampes are amplified as Enterocytozoon bieneusi positive in 935 feces,and the total infection rate was 34.7%(324/935).The infection rates of Henan,Liaoning,Guizhou,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang were 71.9%(210/292),5.7%(2/35),26.9%(29/108),44.1%(30/68),13.0%(3/23)and 12.2%(50/409)respectively.11 genotypesnamely BEB6,CDE13,CHC8,CHD3,CHG1,CHG3,CHG5,COS-1,EbpC,I.OEBI,were found,among which,BEB6 and CHC8 were dominant genotypes and Ebpc?EBE6?CHD3?CHG1?CHG3?CHG5?COS-1?I?OEB1 were zoonotic subtypes.In summary,intestinal protozoa of sheep/goats in some areas of China were investigated,the infection status of Coccidia,Cryptosporidium,Blastocystis spp,and Enterocytozoon bieneusiare and its genotype/subtypes distribution in some areas were understood too.There are 15 kinds of them.two zoonotic Cryptosporidium species(C.parvum and C.ubiquitum)were found.four zoonotic Blastocystis spp(ST 1?ST 4?ST 5 and ST 6)were found.Nine zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusiare(Ebpc?EBE6?CHD3?CHG1?CHG3?CHG5?COS-1?I and OEB1)were found.Results of the study provide some references for parasitic disease control of sheep farms and public health security. |
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