| The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hawthorn and astragalus on blood biochemical,immunological,and metabolites in perinatal dairy cows at different physiological stages.Choose 2-4 litters of milk in the last stage of the milking cycle,close to the healthy Holstein perinatal period(21 days before delivery-21 days after delivery),randomly divided into control group(group A).test group(group B)and the experimental group(group C),15 in each group.The control group was fed the basal diet,and the B group and the C group were supplemented with 100g/(head.d)and 300g/(head.d)Chinese herbal medicine hawthorn and astragalus(Hawthorn and Astragalus 1:1)on the basis of the basic diet.Feeding began 21 days before the expected date of delivery and ended 21 days after delivery.Tail veins 21 days before delivery(-21 d)and 7 days before delivery(-7 d).day of delivery(0 d),7 days after delivery(+7 d)and 21 days after delivery(+21 d)Blood was collected,plasma was prepared,and blood biochemical,immunological,and metabolite concentrations were determined for each group.The results are as follows:1.Effects of different doses of hawthorn and astragalus on blood parameters of peripartum dairy cows(1)The results of blood biochemical analysis showed that the protein index TP was significantly higher in group B Than in group A(P<0.01),and group C was significantly higher than roup A(P<0.05);ALB was at +21d.Group C was significantly higher than group A(P<0.01);group B was significantly higher than group A at+21d(P<0.01).The GGT of the liver was significantly lower in the B and C groups than in the A group(P<0.05).The B group was significantly lower than the A group at the 7th day(P<0.05),and the C group was significantly lower than the A group(P<0.01).At+21d,groups B and C were significantly lower than group A(P<0.01);group A in group A was significantly lower than group A at+21d(P<0.01).The blood GLU was significantly higher in group B and C than in group A at Od(P<0.05),and significantly higher in group B and group A than in group C at+21d(P<0.05).The blood fat index NEFA was significantly higher in group A at+7d.Compared with group C(P<0.05),group A was significantly higher than group B at+21d(P<0.01),group C was significantly higher than group B(P<0.05);ketone body was significantly higher in group A at+21d In group B(P<0.05);renal function index CREA was significantly higher in group A than group C(P<0.01)at+2I d,group A was significantly higher than group B(P<0.05);myocardial enzyme index CK was at-At 7 days,group A was significantly higher than group B(P<0.05);plasma calcium and phosphorus index,blood Ca was significantly higher in group B and C than group A at+7d(P<0.01),and group B was significantly higher at+21d.Group A(P<0.05);blood P was significantly higher in group B than in group A and group C(P<0.01).(2)The results of blood immunoassay showed that IgG was significantly higher in group C than in group A and B at-7d and group B was significantly higher than group A(P<0.01).At Od,group B and C were significantly higher than group A.Group A(P<0.01),+7d,+21d,group B was significantly higher than group A and C and group C was also significantly higher than group A(P<0.01);TNF-? was-7d.+21d The B group was significantly higher than the A group(P<0.05).The B group was significantly higher than the A group and the C group at Od(P<0.01),and the B group was significantly higher than the A and C groups at+7d(P<0.05).2.Effects of dietary addition of hawthorn and astragalus on plasma metabolites in peripartum dairy cowsBased on the samples collected in Chapter 2,plasma samples of groups A and C at-7d,Od,+7d,and+21d were selected,and 10 cows per group in each stage were applied with ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole.-Time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)metabolomics technique,combined with principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)for pattern recognition,with VIP>1,P<0.05 And FC>1.3 or FC<0.77 is the standard screening for significant differential metabolites.The results showed that 31 significant differential metabolites were screened in-7d,17 down-regulated and 14 up-regulated;Od significantly different metabolites were screened from Od,26 down-regulated and 1 up-regulated,and 20 significant in+7d.Differential metabolites,6 down-regulated,14 up-regulated,42 significant differential metabolites were screened by+21d,16 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated.Enrichment analysis revealed significant changes in linoleic acid metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and related metabolites in the proline,leucine and isoleucine metabolic pathways.In summary,the addition of 300g/(head.d)hawthorn and astragalus can alleviate the negative balance of energy and improve the disease resistance of the body by regulating the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism level of peripartum dairy cows.Conclusion:(1)Adding hawthorn and astragalus to the dairy cows during perinatal period can significantly affect the metabolism of lipids,protein and Ca and P in postpartum dairy cows,reduce the negative balance of postpartum energy,reduce the postpartum ketone body level,and protect the liver and kidney of dairy cows.Cardiac function to improve the immunity of perinatal cows.And adding 100g/(head.d)hawthorn and jaundice is better.(2)When the perinatal dairy cow diet is supplemented with 300g/(head.d)hawthorn and astragalus,it may change linoleic acid metabolism,aspartic acid,glutamate and alanine metabolism,leucine,samarium ammonia Related metabolites in the acid and isoleucine metabolic pathways regulate lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in peripartum dairy cows,thereby alleviating energy negative balance and improving disease resistance. |
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