Research On The Policies And Practice Of Rural Energy Construction In China(1949-2006)

Rural energy is the material basis for developing agricultural production and improving farmers’ lives.For a long time,there has been a serious shortage of energy for residents in rural areas of China,and the way of using energy is unreasonable,which has brought about a series of problems such as waste of resources,deterioration of ecological environment,and insufficient agricultural stamina.Solving the rural energy problem has important practical significance for alleviating energy shortages,improving farmers’ quality of life,increasing farmers’ income,protecting the ecological environment,and developing the rural economy.This paper studies the rural energy construction in China from 1949 to 2006 by combing the rural energy policies in China with the specific practices of rural energy development and utilization.In the first stage(1949-1979),the economy of China’s rural areas was semi-closed in a self-sufficient state.The rural energy shortage was severe and the supply of external energy was scarce.The design of the policy in this period was developed and utilized by single energy technology.The implementation of the technical policy mainly relies on the local natural resource endowment.All localities adapted to local conditions and concentrated on developing small coal,biogas,and small hydropower resources.In the second phase(1980-1995),rural energy policy has achieved three major changes.From “single energy technology” to “multiple energy complementarity”,from “solving energy shortage” to “focusing on protecting rural environment” and from “practical effect” to “paying attention to efficiency”.Under the guidance of the principle of “emphasis on development and conservation”,the three practices of building a firewood forest pilot,changing stoves and firewood,promoting firewood(coal)stoves and ecological agriculture pilots were carried out.Rural energy consumption has been basically met with significant economic,social and ecological benefits.In the third stage(1996-2006),under the the strategy of sustainable development,the construction of rural energy gradually transformed into the development and utilization of renewable energy.The use of renewable energy has become a new growth point for the local economy.Renewable energy construction work has been repeatedly innovated.The development and pilot promotion of crop straw gasification technology explores the way of cooking in rural modernization.Closely integrated with the development of agriculture and rural economy,the“four in one” energy ecological engineering model in the north and the “ pig-marsh-fruit ” energy ecological engineering model in the south have been created.These energy ecological engineering models meet farmers’ demand for high quality energy.Energy consumption in rural areas has gradually shown a diversified trend.the energy consumption in rural areas has gradually diversified and the quality has also been significantly improved.At the same time,the agro-ecological environment has also improved.Through the above research,this paper believes that: 1949-2006 China’s rural energy construction has developed steadily and achieved remarkable results.Technological progress and funding are the key to the implementation of rural energy policies.The choice of rural energy is restricted by the income level of farmers and the concept of consumption.