Study On Cultivation Techniques Of Morchella Vulgaris Suitable For Central Plains Climate

Morchella esculenta not only is tasty,fresh and very nourishing,but also has extremely high medicinal value.It can enhance human immunity and be used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases.It is a valuable fungus with high edible and medicinal value and great potential for development.Based on the climate characteristics of Central Plains,this paper systematically studied and domesticated wild Morchella esculenta in Central Plains and its suitable high-yielding cultivation techniques,and formed a system of high-yielding cultivation techniques.The main results are as follows:1.Wild Morchella esculenta strains were collected from Central Plains as experimental strains.The optimal formula of Morchella esculenta was screened out from 4 mother medium formulas:500 g potato?boiled juice?,20 g white sugar,20 g agar,0.5 g peptone,0.5 g beef extract,1 g monopotassium phosphate,1 g magnesium sulfate,11 g vitamin B,and 1,000 ml water.Based on main agricultural and forestry wastes in Central Plains,5 seed culture medium and bag cultivation medium formulas were designed.One seed culture medium formula with high vitality of stains and high sclerotium producing ability was screened out,namely 74%sawdust,20%bran,1%KH₂PO₄,1%MgSO₄,1%base soil of Morchella esculenta,1%gypsum,1%lime,and 1%Ca?H₂PO₄?₂.One bag cultivation medium formula was screened out,namely68%corncob,20%wheat grains,10%humus,10%rice husk,1%gypsum,and 1%lime.2.Ten wild morchella strains were collected respectively in taikang county,zhoukou city,zhumadian city,dacshan county,nanyang city,tongbai county,pingdingshan city,and minggang town,xinyang city in the central plains,The biological characteristics of the 10 collected wild Morchella esculenta strains were investigated and classified.Through cultivation experiment,1 wild Morchella esculenta strain with high yield and quality was screened out,namely Y10.3.For the filtered Y10,through studying the effects of sowing time,cultivation base,soil-covering after sowing,facilities,different shading,the size and opening way of cultivation bag and the dosage of yield-increasing agent for Morchella esculenta on the yield and profit of Morchella esculenta,a system of high-yielding cultivation techniques suitable for Morchella esculenta in Central Plains was determined,namely,15¹8?temperature?for November 15,2017?,cultivation without base materials,soil-covering after sowing for 1 cm,small arch shed,cover the plastic film with a 90%shading screen,and cultivation bag with a size of 15×30 cm and a cutting.In addition,150g/m2 lime,1500g/m2 plant ash,2250g/m2 rice husk were applied in soil preparation,or 25kilograms of yield-increasing agents for Morchella esculenta was applied per mu,both of which could obtain the maximum profit.4.For common plant diseases and insect pests for Morchella esculenta,a prevention and control experiment was carried out.Insect-resistant net+yellow sticky trap+buffer room could effectively control the damage of termite,sciarid,phorid flies,slug and rats.Spraying with 48%chlorpyrifos at 1,000-timedilution could effectively prevent and control termite.Poison bait prepared with soybean cake and trichlorfon at a ratio of 10:1 applied in the early evening at 5 kg/mu could effectively trap and kill slug.Fungal and bacterial diseases should be prevented in advance.This study constructs a system of high-yielding cultivation techniques suitable for Y10 Morchella esculenta in Central Plains,which increases planting benefit.