Research On Control Measures And Investigation On Main Diseases Of Facility Vegetable In Ninth Division

The facility vegetable in Ninth Division are mainly brassicaceous,Solanaceae and cucurbitaceae vegetables,including tomato,eggplant,pepper and cucumber,etc..Due to climate change,continuous cropping and blind fertilization in recent years,the occurrence of plant diseases in facilities increased and advanced,and the diseases is getting worse.In this paper the main diseases of Nine Division,facility cultivation of vegetables and the damage degree of the investigation,as well as the angle of cucumber powdery mildew,cucumber bacterial spot,tomato gray mold,tomato early blight four main diseases,were treated with chemical control,and put forward technical advice for the prevention and control division,facilities vegetables,provide guidance to division,greenhouse vegetable quality safety production.On the basis of clarifying the types and degree of vegetable diseases in the facilities,the characteristics of vegetable diseases in the facilities of the ninth division were summarized:(1)Increasing barriers to continuous cultivation of vegetables in facilities.In the c ultivation of the facilities of the ninth division,the occurrence frequency of main soil diseases such as verticillium wilt,verticillium wilt,eggplant sponge blight,cucumber blight,cucumber blight and pepper blight showed an increasing trend year by year.T he increasing obstacle of continuous cropping is mainly due to the increase of contin uous cropping life and the self-toxicity of crops.The beneficial microorganisms in soi l decrease,the harmful microorganisms increase,and the soil diseases increase.Soil d eterioration,secondary salinization and soil acidification.The results of the continuous cropping obstacles were that the growth potential of vegetables became weak,growth retarded,yield decreased and quality decreased.As a result,the plant resistance of th e facility is reduced and the pests and diseases are intensified.The soil physical and chemical properties become worse,nutrient imbalance and salt accumulation.Causes t he element balance to break.To solve the problem of continuous cropping,a compreh ensive method should be adopted to control the problem.Adjust soil ph;Housing disi nfection;Reasonable rotation;Reasonable fertilization;Replace the graft.(2)The high-wetness disease of cultivated vegetables is increasingly serious.Greenhouses in winter and heat preservation at night closed that shed higher humidity,air relative humidity in 80-85%,the highest can amount to 90% above,the humidity type disease,tomato,tomato grey mould was grasped anthrax,tomato early blight and cucumber downy mildew occurred a lot and showed a trend of increased year by year.During the growth of facility vegetables,the humidity in the greenhouse is too high,so please pay attention to ventilation and cooling.Prevention of hygroscopic diseases: first,strengthen monitoring and pay close attention to weather forecast and disease occurrence in March and may,September and November of each year;Second,rational ventilation and dehumidification;Third,strictly control watering;Fourthly,it can be used to control high humidity disease such as grey mould.(3)The high-temperature disease of cultivated vegetables is increasingly serious.Relative high temperature in summer and fall season,and is suitable for vegetable growth,but relatively dry climate,humidity above 80%,28-35 ?,the temperature in up to 40 ?,which enjoy a relatively high temperature drying of powdery mildew,leaf mildew disease such as at the end of march-early April is starting to happen.The occurrence frequency of major hightemperature vegetable diseases such as tomato leaf mold and cucumber powdery disease in jiushi plant showed an increasing trend year by year.When high temperature hits,vegetables will not grow well and there will be high temperature obstacles.Therefore,shading network can be used to reduce the temperature of the canopy to prevent high-temperature diseases.During the high temperature season from march to September each year,strengthen monitoring,closely follow the weather forecast and disease occurrence dynamics,and prepare for cooling according to the weather changes.Reasonable exhaust air temperature,temperature should be appropriate ventilation.(4)Some occasional physiological diseases become frequent diseases.The occurrence frequency of cucumber retting root disease and tomato showed an increasing trend year by year..Cucumber retting root disease in early spring and late autumn every year the temperature lower than 12 ?,overwatering,continuous rain cases,shed in poorly ventilated wait for a phenomenon of cucumber retting root disease occurs,which in turn roots rotted.5 ~ 6 ? low temperature for a long time,especially at low temperature in the night,the growing point to stop growth.Generally,tomato umbilical rot occurs frequently between early may and June of each year in the vegetables of jiushi plant,mainly harming young fruits.In serious cases,the incidence rate of fruit disease exceeds 20%,and the fruit cannot be eaten,affecting tomato yield.In facility cultivation,excessive application of nitrogen,flooding of water and humidity in the air were beneficial to the occurrence of tomato umbilical rot.In view of the occurrence characteristics of vegetable diseases at the facilities of the ninth division,the following prevention and treatment Suggestions are proposed: select resistant(resistant)varieties,do well in seed treatment,and only select good varieties with the resistance(resistant)main diseases to resist the adversity well;The prevention and treatment of agriculture includes cultivating strong seedlings,changing stubble by rotation,cleaning the shed room,disinfecting the shed,and application of grafted cultivation;Physical prevention and treatment include high temperature sterilization,grafting and root exchange,etc.Biological control includes fighting bacterial diseases with bacteria,fighting various fungal diseases with bacteria,controlling diseases with natural plant extracts,and controlling diseases with artificial synthesis or extraction of antibiotics.At the same time,combined with rational chemical control,chemical control of diseases is the most effective and direct means.Comprehensive control facilities for vegetable production cannot exclude chemical pesticides.On the premise of being familiar with the disease type and the nature of pesticides,it is necessary to take appropriate medicines at the right time and select high efficiency,low toxicity and no pesticide residue.