| Red palm oil is made from palm fruit,contains approximately 500 ppm carotene(90% presents as ?-and ?-carotene)and 800 ppm vitamin E(70% tocotrienols).The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of red palm oil on the productive performance and egg quality of poultry(hens and ducks),and to explore the effect of red palm oil on the color of egg yolks and related indicators of lipid metabolism,and to determine whether feeding red palm oil can produce natural and healthy red-yolk eggs.The experiment was divided into two parts:Part 1,the effects of red palm oil on productive performance,egg quality,egg yolk color and lipid metabolism indexes of laying hens.80 Hy-line hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and 20 chickens per group.4 groups were fed with control diet(contain 3% soybean oil),1%,2% and 3% red palm oil diet respectively,and lasting for 8 weeks.The results showed that red palm oil had no effect on feed/egg and feed intake of laying hens,but the egg laying rate in 3% red palm oil group was 4.77% lower than that in 1% red palm oil group.Red palm oil added in feed significantly increased the egg yolk color and had a dose-effect relationship.Further research found that red palm oil can increase the contents of lutein,zeaxanthin,?-carotene,and total carotenoids in egg yolk(P<0.05),and it increased in some degrees with the increase of red palm oil content.Although red palm oil contains nearly half of saturated fatty acid,in this study,red palm oil did not significantly increase serum and egg yolk triglyceride and total cholesterol levels,and even reduced the level of yolk triglyceride.There was no statistically significant difference in saturated fatty acid levels in yolks among the groups(P>0.05).Monounsaturated fatty acid content in yolks in the experiment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001),while the polyunsaturated fatty acid content decreased with the increase of feed red palm oil content(P<0.05).Part 2,the effect of red palm oil on egg productive performance,egg quality,egg yolk color and lipid metabolism indexes of laying ducks.Eighty-four Campbell ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups with 21 ducks in each group.4 groups were fed with control diet(contain 3% soybean oil),1%,2% and 3% red palm oil diet respectively,and last for 8 weeks.The results showed that feeding red palm oil increased the feed intake of ducks and improved the Haugh unit of duck eggs(P<0.05).And the egg laying rate of the 3% red palm oil ducks was decreased(P<0.05).The addition of red palm oil to the diet significantly improved the color of the yolk in duck eggs,and the level of the yolk color increased significantly with the increase in the amount of red palm oil added to the feed.Red palm oil can increase the content of lutein,zeaxanthin,?-carotene and total carotenoids in egg yolk in some degrees(P<0.05).Feeding red palm oil could reduce serum triglyceride levels in laying ducks as well as total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in egg yolk,but has no effect on serum total cholesterol.Further studies found that the saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid contents of duck egg yolks in experiment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.001).The monounsaturated fatty acid content in the yolk also gradually increased as the red palm oil content in the diet increased,while the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the egg yolks decreased(P<0.001).The total fatty acid content of egg yolk in each red palm oil group was slightly lower than that in the control group.The results of this study showed that feeding red palm oil could significantly increase yolk color and increase carotenoid content in both hens' and ducks' egg yolk,and even reduce certain lipid indicators.The monounsaturated fatty acid content in the egg yolk is significantly increased after feeding red palm oil.Therefore,feeding of red palm oil can produce natural,healthy red-yolk eggs.The suitable red palm oil concentration is 2%. |
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