The Research Of Response To Water And Fertilizer For Tomato With Drip Irrigation Under Film In Solar Greenhouse

Facility vegetable cultivation has been popularized in Northwest China,especially tomato planting,which is loved by local farmers.However,in daily greenhouse management,farmers often have high water and high fertilizer input for high yield,which not only causes poor tomato quality,low water and fertilizer use efficiency,but also caused obstacles to continue cropping,environmental pollution and other problems.It is of great significance for high quality and high yield of tomato in northwest China to study the reasonable amount of irrigation fertilizer.The experiment started in January 9,2017.Based on the water evaporation,3 irrigation volumes were set up:1.00E?W1?,0.75E?W2?,0.50E?W3?and 3fertilizer levels:high fertilizer N320-P₂O₅160-K₂O320 kg·hm^-2?F1?,medium fertilizer N240-P₂O₅120-K₂O240 kg·hm^-2?F2?and low fertilizer N160-P₂O₅80-K₂O160 kg·hm^-2?F3?,with local conventional irrigation fertilization as the control CK,studied the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on the indexes of tomato under mulch drip irrigation.The main conclusions were as follows.?1?There was a significant positive correlation between tomato plant height,leaf area index and total dry matter.The plant height,leaf area index and total dry matter amount increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization,while the stem diameter increased with the increase of fertilizer application under high water?W1?48d after implantation,and increased with the increase of irrigation amount at 58d after planting.The CK treatment showed the largest plant height,dry matter accumulation and leaf area index,W1F1 was followed.Stem diameter reached maximum under W1F1 in the late growth,and the root-shoot ratio under the W3F3 was the largest.From 63d to 89d after transplanting,the accumulation rate of dry matter was the fastest.At this time,timely irrigation and fertilization were conducted to ensure the normal growth of tomato plants.?2?Transplanting from 51d to 130d,nitrogen content of plants varied between 1.81%and 3.47%,and decreased gradually with the growth period.The phosphorus content showed a"zigzag"fluctuation in 0.48%—0.78%,and the content of potassium varied between 2.8%and 4.79%,which increased first and then decreased with the growth stage.The content of nitrogen and potassium increased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilization amount,while the phosphorus content was significantly affected by irrigation fertilization only at 51d and 63d.Under W1F1 treatment,the content of nitrogen and potassium in plants was the largest,and the average of 9.1%and 3.5%were increased respectively compared with CK.There was a significant positive correlation between the accumulation of dry matter and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and the accumulation of dry matter has a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrogen and potassium in plants after transplanting from 51d to 130d,which showed that the absorption of nutrients by tomato plants had a significant effect on their growth.?3?Different water and fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on chlorophyll content,which increased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilization lever.The chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased with tomato plant growth,and reached the maximum in fruit expansion period.The content of N,P and K of Leaves were N>K>P,which varied between 22.83-47.20,4.62-7.08 and 22.00-34.92 g/kg respectively.Increasing the amount of irrigation water and fertilization was beneficial to improve the content of N,P and K of leaves,and the maximum was achieved under W1F1 treatment.Irrigation and fertilization had a significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate?Pn?,stomatal conductivity?Gs?and transpiration rate?Tr?,and Pn,Gs and Tr of plant could be improved by increasing the amount of irrigation and fertilization appropriately.Pn and Gs reached the largest under W1F1 treatment in the whole growth period,while Tr was the largest under CK.Water stress significantly reduced Pn during the mature picking stage,while the continued irrigation at W1 level was not obvious to improve Pn,Gs and Tr.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of N,P and K and chlorophyll content and Pn in the leaves of tomato at different growth stages.?4?Different irrigation volumes had a significant effect on the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in the dark?Fv/Fm?and the actual photochemical efficiency??PSII?of tomato plants.Fertilization had a significant effect on Fv/Fm 66d after implantation and?PSII 79d after implantation.The interaction between irrigation and fertilization only had a significant effect on Fv/Fm 93d after implantation.Under the same level of fertilization,Fv/Fm and?PSII?except 93d after implantation in W3F2 treatment?increased with the increase of irrigation amount.Fv/Fm at 93d and?PS?at 79d and 93d were increased with the increase of fertilization level.Under low irrigation amount?W3?,Fv/Fm can effectively increase with fertilizer amount increasing.W1F1 treatment showed the largest Fv/Fm and?PS?except 56d after implantation.There was a significant positive correlation between N,P and K content of leaves and Fv/Fm in different tomato growth period.?5?Tomato yield was significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization.With the increase of water and fertilizer,tomato yield increased?except for W3F1 treatment?,and reached maximum under CK,was not significantly different compared with W1F1 treatment.There was a significant linear positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,maximum photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content and fruit yield during fruit expansion period.Pn,Gs,Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content could indirectly predict yield to some extent in fruit expansion stage.There was a significant positive correlation between tomato yield and nitrogen and potassium content of tomato plant.Irrigation volume and fertilization amount had a significant effects on lycopene,titratable acid and soluble sugar content.Vitamin C and soluble solids were significantly affected by irrigation amount,and the interaction of water and fertilizer only had a significant effect on lycopene.Lycopene,soluble solids and soluble sugar increased with the increase of fertilization level,and decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The lycopene,soluble solids,titratable acid and soluble sugar reached the maximum under W3F1 treatment,while vitamin C was the highest under W3F2 treatment.CK showed the lowest index of tomato quality.?6?The nutrient uptake efficiency?UPE?of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased with the increase of irrigation amount,and decreased with the increase of fertilization amount,and the maximum were W1F3 treatment.Nitrogen and potassium nutrient use efficiency?NUE?reached the largest under W3F3 treatment.Phosphorus NUE was the largest under W2F3 treatment.PFP increased with the increase of irrigation volume,decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount,and reached the largest under W1F3treatment.Irrigation amount had a significant effect on of irrigation water use efficiency?IWUE?,which increased with the increase of fertilizer amount,and decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The use efficiency of irrigation water under W1F1 treatment was 49.56 kg?m^-3,which was 56.5%higher than CK.?7?The yield reached the maximum under the CK,but the quality and irrigation water use efficiency were the lowest.The quality of tomato and IWUE of W3F1 were the highest,but the partial fertilizer productivity and yield were too low.Tomato yield,quality,IWUE and PFP through the comprehensive analysis,the recommended irrigation is W1?1.0E?and fertilization is N-P₂O₅-K₂O 240-120-240—320-160-320 kg?hm^-2.