Research On Irrigation And Fertilization Model Of Grapevine Based On Water And Fertilizer Control System Of Internet Of Things

Unreasonable application of water and fertilizer has become an important factor restricting China's agricultural production,especially in the low efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.Carry out research on the application of facility grape cultivation based on the integrated water and fertilizer automatic control system,and explore the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on the growth,water consumption,photosynthesis,yield,quality and water and fertilizer utilization of grape fruit trees.Through the principal component analysis method and multiple regression analysis method,the comprehensive evaluation of the amount of water and fertilizer application,quantified the output and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of facility grapes under different water and fertilizer couplings,looking for a suitable water and fertilizer combination and application rate of facility grape cultivation,can fully utilize water and fertilizer The synergy under the integration will improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use,and provide reasonable reference and suggestions for the irrigation and fertilization system of facility fruit trees.Using Zana grape as the experimental material to carry out the greenhouse planting experiment based on the Internet of Things water and fertilizer control system,set two factors of irrigation and fertilization,each factor sets 3 levels,that is,the irrigation level is set to: 50% ET0,75% ET0,100% ET0(marked as W1,W2,W3 respectively),fertilization level(total fertilization)is set to 3 levels: 450kg/hm2,600kg/hm2,900kg/hm2(marked as F1,F2,F3 respectively),using water and fertilizer integration The automatic control system is used for irrigation and fertilization.The experiment adopts a complete combination design,with a total of 9 treatments,each treatment repeated 3 times.(1)The architectural scheme for constructing an integrated water and fertilizer control system,including a perception control layer,a data transmission layer and a decision application layer,with a greenhouse environment information acquisition sensor and an intelligent irrigation controller as the core,combined with a micro-irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system,through GPRS Wireless network transmission data,remote decision-making and control of cloud platform terminal.And the selection and parameter determination of the corresponding hardware equipment of the system were completed,and the hardware system construction was completed.Realized the integrated automatic management of facilities grape water and fertilizer based on the Internet of Things.(2)Under the condition of automatic water and fertilizer integration control,the effect of irrigation volume on the growth of new length of plant grapes,stem thickness,leaf main veinlength,and leaf area size is stronger than that of fertilization,under medium and high irrigation volume.It is beneficial to promote the growth of grapes.Among them,the new length and the main vein length of leaves under W3F3 treatment reached maximum values of 102.68 cm and14.2cm respectively;the stem diameter and leaf area under W2F2 treatment reached maximum values of 9.81 mm and 202.46cm2 respectively.With the advancement of the growing period,the changes in water consumption of grapes on the whole showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The water consumption of whole growth ranges from 570.32 mm to 731.29 mm,and the water consumption modulus of the three growth periods of fruit expansion period,new growth period and color change period accounts for about 80% of the total,which is the main water consumption of grapes.stage.According to the average size of water consumption during the growth period,the fruit expansion period> new growth period> color transformation period>germination period>flowering period.Under certain irrigation conditions,the water consumption of grapes in different growth periods increased with the increase of fertilizer application.Under the condition that the fertilization level is maintained,the water consumption of grapes in different growth periods increases with the increase of irrigation water.(3)Under the conditions of automatic water and fertilizer control,the net photosynthetic rate Pn,transpiration rate Tr,stomatal conductance Gs,leaf water use efficiency WUE and other indicators under different water and fertilizer treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the growth period.In the course of daily changes,Pn,Tr,and Gs showed a double-peak curve,which peaked at 10 am and 14 pm.Low moisture treatment will inhibit the photosynthesis of grapes,which is not conducive to improving the original photochemical yield of grape leaves Fv/Fm and the potential photochemical efficiency of PSII.Under moderate water and fertilizer conditions,the facility grapes showed the optimal photosynthetic efficiency under W2F2 treatment.(4)The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on fruit yield,quality,irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity are all significant levels.Under the condition of water deficit,the grain weight and ear weight of grapes will decrease obviously.However,the quality indicators such as soluble sugar and Vc content in fruit have been improved to a certain extent.The system considers the grape yield and quality,photosynthesis and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and conducts a comprehensive evaluation through the principal component analysis method.It is concluded that the optimal water and fertilizer combination suitable for facility grape cultivation in this area is the middle water fertilizer W2F2 treatment,that is,the irrigation volume is 3302.8m3 / hm2,The amount of fertilization is 675 kg / hm2(N 225 kg /hm2 +P2O5 180kg/hm2 + K2 O 270kg/hm2).(5)Using multiple regression analysis method to further analyze the quantitative effect of integrated water and fertilizer technology on grape yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,the optimal water and fertilizer application rates are 3355.14m3 / hm2 and 830 kg / hm2,respectively.High level;when the water and fertilizer application rates are 3302m3 / hm2 and690 kg / hm2,respectively,the irrigation water use efficiency of the facility grapes will achieve a higher level;when the water and fertilizer application rates are 2844.63m3 / hm2 and 588 kg / hm2,the facility grape fertilizers will be more productive Get a higher level.