Investigation Of The Types Of Pests And The Green Control Technology Of Main Pests Of Wine-making Sorghum In Jinsha County

Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(Linn.)Moench] is a kind of high quality material for brewing white wine.We have preliminary identified the pest species of harm with wine-making sorghum through field investigation and appraisal in Jinsha County,and adopted green prevention and control measures such as biological control,agricultural control and physical control to effectively control the occurrence of main insect pests and the damage of the sorghum wine with sorghum production reached the purpose of "high yield,high quality,high efficiency,low consumption and safety" for providing technical guidance.The main results showed as follows:1.The main pests of wine-making sorghum were comprehensively investigated in Jinsha County.A total of 7 orders,15 families and 36 species of wine-making sorghum pests were investigated through two years of field investigation and identification in Jinsha County,in which Lepidoptera had the most including 15 species;while Coleoptera and Hemiptera were followed respectively by 8 species and 7 species;there were less species of Thysanoptera,Homoptera,Orthoptera and Acarina,respectively with 3species,1 species,1 species and 1 species.There were 25 species of leaf-eating pests,11 species of stem pests,8 species of panicle pests,5 seed pests,and 4 root pests by viewing the point of damage location.The more serious pests were Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene),Mythimna separata(Walker),Melanaphis sacchari(Zehntner)and Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg),followed by Proceras venosatum(Walker),Mampava bipunctella Ragonot,Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée and Rhopalosiphum maidis(Fitch).2.The effects of four kinds of biogenic insecticides on the control of Ostrinia furnacalis on wine-making sorghum were researched.The results showed that the biological insecticides(1.8% avermectin,1.5%pyrethrin,0.3% azadirachtin,0.6% matrine)had better control effect on Ostrinia furnacalis in wine-making sorghum field,and the control effect reached the maximumafter 7 days;the worm reduction rates of 1.8% Abamectin EC(1200 times liquid),1.5%Pyrethrins AS(1000 times liquid),0.3% Azadirachtin EC(500 times liquid),0.6% Matrine AS(1000 times liquid)and water control(CK)were respectively89.56%,86.84%,83.67%,79.79%,0.55% and the control effects were respectively89.50%,86.77%,83.58% and 79.68%.The results showed that the Abamectin(1200times)and the Pyrethrin(1000 times)reached the extremely significant level;the control effects of 1.8% Abamectin EC(1200 times liquid),1.5%Pyrethrins AS(1000times liquid),0.3% Azadirachtin EC(500 times liquid)could also remain above 80%after 10 days later,indicating that the three kinds of biological insecticide had long-lasting effects,and were safe for crops,safe for humans and animals,and had no residue.It was an ideal agent for the production of wine-making sorghum,and had a evasive effect.Alternate using could effectively prevent pests from developing resistance,and could be used interchangeably in wine-making sorghum bases.3.The control effect of solar frequency vibrating insecticide lamp on sorghum pests for liquor was studied.In the production process of wine-making sorghum,the use of solar frequency-vibrancy pest-killing lamp could effectively trap adult insects,which was energy-saving,environmentally friendly,safe and pollution-free.The experimental study found that the solar frequency-vibrancy pest-killing lamp trapped the wine-making sorghum block of the insects involving 12 species,6 families and 12 species,which had a trapping effect on the main pests of the wine-making sorghum.The adult pests with a large amount of traps were: Proceras venosatum(Walker),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene),Mythimna separata(Walker),Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée,Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner),Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)and Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg).The solar frequency-vibrancy pest-killing lamp had the best effect on the adult larvae of the Lepidoptera such as Mythimna separata(Walker),Proceras venosatum(Walker),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene),etc.Among them,the total egg drop of the Proceras venosatum strip light control area was56.39% lower than that of the non-light control area.The total larvae decreased by52.3%;the total litter size of the Mythimna separata lamp control area decreased by55.51% compared with the non-lighted control area,and the total larvae decreased by52.47%;the total amount of eggs and larvae dropped by 62.69% and 55.67%respectively in the lamp controlled area of Ostrinia furnacalis compared with the non-lamp controlled area;the total number of eggs dropped in the non-lighted controlarea decreased by 62.69%.The total larvae decreased by 55.67%;it had a good control effect on reducing the occurrence of the next generation of pests.4.The control effect of huangban on liquor sorghum aphid was studied.The results showed that the yellow sticky board could effectively trap a variety of insects on the wine-making sorghum crops,and attract about 25 species of insects belonging to the order of Hemiptera and Diptera.The wine-making sorghum pests mainly included Melanaphis sacchari(Zehntner),Rhopalosiphum maidis(Fitch),Stollia guttiger(Thunberg)and so on.In terms of the number of traps,the most one was a fly of Diptera,accounting for 56.78%;the proportion of Melanaphis sacchari was medium,accounting for 29.2%.In the control area,the number of Melanaphis sacchari trapped in the yellow sticky board increased with the growth of the field population,and the linear correlation between the number of yellow sticky board Melanaphis sacchari and their corresponding strains reached a significant level.The study found that trapping other insects also contaminated the yellow sticky board,thus affecting the target pest's tropism on the yellow sticky board,thereby reducing the trapping effect of the yellow sticky board on the target pest.At the same time,it was found that the yellow sticky board on the wine-making sorghum field had strong killing effect on natural enemies of Melanaphis sacchari,including 4 categories of Syrphidae,Coccinellidae,Braconidae,Chrysopidae,etc.The highest ratio of natural enemies and pests of arthropod communities was 1:44.45.