Study On Phenotypic Traits Of Camellia Oleifera Varieties And Their Genetic Variation To Environmental Conditions

Camellia (C.oleifera Abel) is important in South China Oil Trees, and oil palm, olive and coconut and edible oil as the world’s four major woody plants. Tea oil rich in nutrients, fatty acids, reasonable structure, not more than 90% saturated fatty acid content, better than olive oil, is a health-based senior oil. The shell is dry and tea tea tea saponin extraction, manufacturing polishing powder and industrial raw materials extraction of furfural, and tea and wide adaptability, the ability of dry hemorrhoids thin, great potential for comprehensive development and utilization value is the end of mound in Hilly important forest tree species were forest people known as the "iron rice bowl" and "Green depot," with high social and economic value. China will crack as the effective supply of edible oil and protect the safety of important forest tree species in grain and oil development, while also focusing on promoting the FAO, which set off a wave of unprecedented in the country’s tea hot.Camellia in the moment throughout the industry to develop the background and the around the urgent need for seed and seedling varieties of tea clones under the pressure of reality. Casual in parts of inter-regional transfer seedlings, and large parts of the tea clones have not yet introduced full distribution area test or test only a limited area, tea clones to promote inter-regional seed systems there are certain risks. To solve this problem, this research forest Subtropical Forestry Research Institute research group from 2000 to the year 2003 in Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and other main producing areas arranged Camellia Camellia Regional Experimental Forest:Vegetative growth characteristics of trees, fruit economic traits, tea oil fatty acids and fat quality traits, such as early fruit yield characteristics based on data from quantitative evaluation of clone on the adaptability and stability of different environments, external factors in the local climate and soil, together with a comprehensive evaluation, the final selected the most appropriate local development of high yield, high-quality, high-resistant cultivars, and clarify the Camellia seed and site, climate and other environmental factors in the interaction effects, for suitable growth in the promotion of clonal tea varieties to provide a theoretical basis.The main results are described below.12 clones tested tree height, stem and crown growth indicators such as test points in the same environment and management of the same level showed a greater difference. This difference in growth potential by the clones should be determined by the genotype-specific. Of which 4,180,23,20, the largest crown growth; 40,3,166,21, of medium height and crown growth,53,26,27, 18, less the amount of crown growth. Based on the test may be initially drawn:4,180, 23,20,40,3,166 clones of the tree canopy over the opening of 7 years old up to 3m2 that about appropriate planting density should be 3m×3m; 21 number,53,26,27,18, a tree more compact,2m×3m of the planting density is more appropriate. Can be in the actual planting large canopy and the canopy 7 clones smaller cross-5 with five clones planted.12 clones tested fruit fresh weight, fresh fruit out of seed rate, seed kernel oil content and other fruits of major economic traits in the same experiment to that in the same environment and management level are quite different variables emerged. This phenotypic difference is mainly by the genotype-specific differences in clones caused environmental impact of its smaller, but the interaction of genotype and environment is a factor can not be ignored. The clones fruit fresh weight, fresh fruit out of seed rate, seed kernel oil content and other fruits of economic traits in different trials between points showed significant differences; fruit economic traits of genotype and environment had significant interaction effects, the decomposition shows that this tea clones in multiple environments Regional Trial fruits of economic traits throughout the treatment variation on the tea clones fruit economic phenotypic characteristics of law analysis results showed that fruit fresh weight and pericarp thickness was significantly positive correlation between; and fruit out of seed rate, seed kernel oil yield was not significant negative correlation. This shows that the larger the fruit peel thicker, the seed rate of the corresponding reduced kernel oil yield also decreasedStudies have shown that fatty acids are mainly fruit tea oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid fatty acid four, in addition, also contains a small amount of palmitic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid and other ingredients.12 clones tested fatty acids content of tea in the trial to have shown some difference. Among them, the palmitic acid content in Guixi, camphor, Liping, Jinhua, Jinzhai, new to have shown the Experimental significant difference; palmitic acid content in Guixi, camphor, Jinhua, Jinzhai, the new point of difference is not the Experimental significant showing in Liping significant difference; stearic acid in the trial to have shown significant differences; oleic acid and linoleic acid content differences in the trial to reach a significant level; linolenic acid content in the experimental field showed significant differences; arachidonic acid content differences in the trial to reach a significant level. Different clones in the trial to the difference in the quality of high-quality tea base to provide some basis for choice. Fatty acid composition of tea clones, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and other indicators of oil quality. Effect in clones, pilot effects and interaction effects between the two reached a significant level of 1%. Oleic acid content of the AMMI model for the interaction with the environment, this classification shows that tea clones in multi-environment trials in the area dealing with oleic acid content of the vast variation in the oil sector is genotype specific clones result, environment on the oleic acid content was less affected.Good and consistent quality of tea production is very important, Camellia clones stability of fatty acid oleic acid content analysis showed that the system:quality and stability of high oleic acid but is 166,53,23,18; quality is relatively stable The clones 4, 18,21,27,3,180; high oleic acid and unstable clones had 26; low and unstable with oleic acid 20.12 clones tested the average yield per plant in the same test point that is the same environment and management level have shown a greater difference, this should be a strong difference in properties of clone-specific genotypes by the decision. The clones between points in the production of different test showed significant differences; clones average yield per plant and environment interactions show differences extremely significant difference. That clones adapted to the environment have a certain range, the clones have a greater stability and environmental adaptability of the differenceRegression coefficients and error with bi S2di, Wricke ecological value method, Nassar & Huhu non-parametric method and the division by Francis & Kannenberg genotype 4 methods of analysis of genetic stability and adaptability of consistent growth shows that:4,18, No.53 high yield and adaptability of clones; 20,21,27 and 180 are low-yielding, stable, adaptable clone; 3,23,26,40 and 166 high-yield, but less stable environment in the poor site conditions performance under poor conditions at the site performed better under more favorable circumstances, is a high production potential varieties. The stability of the clones and environmental adaptability of clones in a variety of habitats for the conditions applicable to the promotion of appropriate clones provides a theoretical basis forThe regional trials and gene x environment (GE) interaction for analysis of tea clones from the yield per plant adaptation to the initial zoning out:3,4,18,20,21,26, 27,40,53,166 and 180 and other suitable parts of Jiangxi Province; 3,4,20,21,23,26, 27,40,53, and 180 clones, etc. Southeast Guizhou region is suitable; 3,4,18,20,21,23, 26,40,53,166 and 180, Jinhua, Zhejiang and other areas suitable clones; 3,4 number, 18,20,21,26,27,40,53, and 166 clones areas such as; 3,4,20,21,23,18, on the 27th, 53, and 180 clones such areas.The number of clones of Camellia traits and yield per plant traits analysis showed that the nine major phenotypic correlation with yield per plant followed by the absolute value of tree height> Fruit longitudinal diameter> diameter> crown> pericarp thickness > Seed Quality> fruit weight> Seed Quality> fruit diameter. This shows that tree height, diameter, crown three factors constitute the output.Camellia clones by phenotypic traits of the main path analysis results show that phenotypic traits of the importance of the role of yield per plant were as follows:If longitudinal diameter (Px4=0.339)> height (Pxl=0.2521)> diameter (Px2=0.339)> canopy (Px3=0.339)> pericarp thickness (Px5=-0.2311)> seed number (Px5=-0.0044). Pericarp thickness and number one seed showed the direct effect of negative effects.Camellia clones by phenotypic characteristics and fat composition of the path analysis section shows that the phenotypic characteristics of the role of unsaturated fatty acids in descending order of fruit shape factor> Seed Quality> fruit diameter> crown> pericarp thickness> seed kernel oil yield> height> diameter> single fruit> fruit a seed rate of> fruit longitudinal diameter. One tree height, diameter, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, pericarp thickness, kernel oil yield, fruit a seed rate of the direct path coefficient was negative.