Study On The Occurrence Regularity And Physiological Mechanism Of Buckwheat Falling Granules

Grain drop is an adaptive mechanism of plants to the natural environment.Buckwheat is an infinite splash,the same plant or the same flower cluster edge flowering edge strong,During ripening,Buckwheat's seeds in the plant retention is very poor,it is easy for buckwheat to form a natural shedding phenomenon before harvesting,seriously impact on the yield and processing quality of buckwheat,it also increase the production and harvest cost of buckwheat.In this study,the cultivated species of NWAU 9976(Fagopyrum esculentum),cultivated species of NWAU 9940(Fagopyrum tataricum)and wild species of Tibetan buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)as test materials,field of statistics,iodine coloring method and Anthraquinone method were used to study the effect of buckwheat drop on grain and the content of soluble sugar and starch in stalks and grain in different reproductive periods of buckwheat,and using enzyme-linked immunoassay to assay the content of plant hormones in different reproductive periods of buckwheat stalks and grain with for investigating the relationship between hormone and buckwheat drop granules.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence regularity of buckwheat and the factors affecting the grain yield of buckwheat and its related relations,so as to provide theoretical basis for selecting anti-drop granular buckwheat varieties,increasing the yield of buckwheat and ensuring high quality of buckwheat.The main results are as follows:(1)Among the three test varieties,the population drop rate of the whole growth period of stab buckwheat in Tibet was 72.56%.The 75 th day after sowing in Tibetan buckwheat,the group began to fall,with the grain belt stalk falling,and the top,middle and bottom part were the main source of falling grain.the population drop rate of the whole growth period of NWAU 9976 was 36.06%.On the 69 th day after sowing in NWAU 9976(late wax ripening period),falling grains began to appear,with grain without stalk shedding,the middle and bottom reproductive sites as the main source of seed drop.The population drop rate of the whole growth period of NWAU 9940 was 30.8%,after sowing on the 77 th day(after the ripening period)began to drop grains,there are two types with stalk drop and no stalk drop,the bottom and the middle reproductive part is the main source of falling particles.Generally,the fall of NWAU 9976(Fagopyrum esculentum)occurred earlier than that of NWAU 9940(cultivated buckwheat)and Tibetan buckwheat,the fall of buckwheat(wild buckwheat)in Tibet occurred earlier than 9940 in NWAU(cultivated buckwheat).The wild species of population drop rate in the whole growth period(buckwheat in Tibet)were much larger than the cultivated species(NWAU 9976 and NWAU 9940),and the cultivated Fagopyrum esculentum(NWAU 9976)was larger than the cultivated buckwheat.(2)The changes of drop grains and anti-falling grains is related to the change of starch and soluble sugar content in stalks and grain.After the milk ripening period,the content of starch and soluble sugar in stalks of buckwheat in Tibet were much higher than that of NWAU 9976 and NWAU 9940.That is,after the milk ripening period,the content of stalks starch and soluble sugar is high and the granularity is strong.The changes of starch content and soluble sugar content in the grain were related to the fall grains and the anti-drop grains.The grain starch of NWAU 9976 and NWAU 9940 increased gradually from low to high,while the content of starch in the grain of buckwheat in Tibet increased first and then decreased.The soluble sugar of three varieties of grain increased with the fertility process,but the soluble sugar was much lower than that of NWAU 9976 and NWAU 9940 before the ripening period of buckwheat in Tibet.The soluble sugar increased rapidly after ripening period.Therefore,after the ripening period,the content of grain starch decreased,while the content of soluble sugar increased substantially,the granularity was enhanced.(3)The grain drop of buckwheat is closely related to the content of plant hormones in stalks.After the ripening period of stalks,the content of ABA was higher,the content of GA in the middle of milk ripening period was low,and the content of ETH was high in the whole growth period,and the granularity was more serious.and vice versa.The content of ABA in the late stage of wax ripening decreased,the content of GA decreased sharply in the wax ripening stage,and the ETH decreased sharply at the same time,and the granularity was serious,and vice versa.The content of IAA in stalks and grain appears to be unrelated to the granularity.(4)The structure of buckwheat stalks was observed: Buckwheat stalks hollow,oval.The annular structure of the stalks,as well as the degree of SAG or shrinkage,indicates the size of the grain drop.If the annular structure appears and the SAG or shrinkage is serious,the grain drop is larger.Stalks is rich in starch granules,the number of wild starch grains is more than the cultivated species,and from the beginning of flowering to the completion of the ripening period first increased and then decreased,and the results are fully consistent.The degradation rate of wild epidermal cells was greater than that of cultivated species,and the degradation was earlier,and some cell cracking began in the milk ripening period,and the wax ripening period was the fastest cracking period.The degree of cracking of epidermal cells is related to the granularity of grain,the greater the degree of cracking,the faster the cracking speed,the more grain shedding,the stronger the granularity,and vice versa.