Effects Of Different Base And Top-dressing Ratio Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Growth And Development And Yield Of Adzuki Bean

The experiment was conducted in third-teaching station of Hebei Agricultural University from June 24 to October 1,2018.The adzuki bean cultivar of Baohong 876 was used as the experimental material.Four treatments,T1(0:1),T2(7:3),T3(5:5)and T4(3:7),were used in before-sowing and the first-flowering.The effects of different base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizers on growth process,agronomic traits,pod formation and abscission process,photosynthetic performance,nitrogen accumulation and distribution and yield of adzuki bean were studied.The main research results showed that:1.The growth period of Adzuki Bean increased and then decreased with the increase of topdressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer at the first-flowering stage,but the days of growth period were higher than that of the control.From branching stage to first-flowering stage,plant height increased significantly in all treatments,among which T3 and T4 treatments increased by 145.2%and 219.2%,respectively,which were higher than that of the control.From branching stage to first-flowering stage,plant height increased by 136.3%and 150%in T1 and T2 treatments respectively,and there were no significant difference between CK and T1 and T2 treatment of stem diameter.From first-flowering to peak-flowering stage,the stem diameter increased slowly.2.The first-flowering time of each treatment were delayed by 1-4 days with the proportion of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer increased at the initial-flowering stage,the first-flowering time showed as CK>T2>T3>T4>T1;With the development of growth process,the cumulative flowering number showed as CK>T3>T2>T1>T4,and the daily pod number showed as T1>T4>CK>T2>T3,and the cumulative pod number showed as T3>T1>T4>CK>T2>T2.3.At the first-flowering stage,the leaf area of Adzuki Bean was the lowest under T3 treatments,which was 50.9%lower than that of T4 treatments.At the peak-flowering stage,the leaf area of Adzuki Bean was the highest under T3 treatments,,which were 42%and 43.6%higher than that of T2 treatments,respectively.The LAI was the highest at florescence under T3 treatment,which 35.4%higher than that of other treatments,and there was no significant difference in other growing periods.At podding stage,the highest net photosynthetic rate was founded in T3 treatment,which 13.5%higher than of T1 treatment and 7.8%higher than that of other treatments.the highest intercellular CO2 concentration was founded in T4 treatment,which was 6.7%higher than that of other treatments.4.At the first-flowering stage,the dry matter accumulation was the highest in the T4 treatment,which 28.9%higher than that of the average value of the other three treatments,and there was no significant difference between T3 and CK treatment.At the peak flowering stage,the dry matter accumulation of T3 treatment was the highest,which 28.5%higher than that of the average value of the other four treatments.At the maturity stage,the dry matter accumulation was the highest in the T3 treatment,which reached the highest level of 70.71g,10.5%higher than that of the average value of the other three treatments and 12.3%higher than that of CK control.There was no significant difference between treatments and controls in other periods.5.Compared with CK,the yield of Adzuki Bean plots were significantly difference under the other four treatments.The yield of Adzuki Bean was the lowest in T2 treatment and which was the highest in T3 treatment.The average yield of Adzuki Bean in T3 treatment was higher 26.3%than that of the other three treatments and 31.2%higher than that of the control.The pod number per plant,pod number per pod and 100-grain weight were highest in T3 treatment.The average number of pods per plant in T3 treatment was 10.2%higher than that of other treatments,the number of seeds per pod was 9.6%higher and the 100-grain weight was 9.1%higher than that of the other three treatments.6.The highest nitrogen use efficiency was 40.63 kg/kg in T1 treatment,which 27.71%higher than that of other treatments,which 40.17%higher than that of control,which 16.32 kg/kg higher than that of T3 treatment,which 26.27%higher than that of other treatments,which 40.17%higher than that of control,which 93.94%higher than that of CK treatment and 9.9%higher than that of T2 treatment.From the above:Different base and top-dressing Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer affected the growing process,agronomic traits,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of Adzuki bean.The best basal fertilizer and topdressing ratio model was T3 treatment(75 kg/hm2 at basal Nitrogen Fertilizer and 75 kg/hm2 at initial-flowering stage Nitrogen Fertilizer,the basal and topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is 5:5)of adzuki bean cultivation in Hebei Piedmont Plain.