Study On Germplasm Identification And Screening Of Excellent Strains Of Different Auricularia Auricula Varieties

The confusion of edible fungus market is becoming more and more serious.In this study a total of 24 strains of Auricularia auricula in northern China were used as experimental materials.Through antagonistic identification,esterase isoenzyme determination,ISSR and SRAP molecular marker technology the strains of Auricularia auricula were classified and identified in different phases to determine the genetic relationship between them.Further,combined with the cultivation experiment,the varieties of Auricularia auricula were compared and screened out for suitable cultivation in northern mountainous areas.The results of this study are as follows:1.The results of antagonistic tests on the strains of Auricularia auricula showed that the 24 strains antagonistic reactions were uplift type,ravine type and no antagonistic reaction.Among 24 strains,the antagonistic reactions between these six strains—Aaj4,Aaj6,Aaj7,Aaj12,Aaj20,Aaj24—and other strains were uplift type,and the secretion of brown pigment was observed from the back of the culture dish;there were no antagonistic reaction between them when those six strains hyphae were spread together;there were gully reactions and no antagonistic reactions in some of the other strains,and there were no pigment secretion can observed from the back of the culture dish.2.Esterase isozyme technique was used to identify the genetic diversity of 24 strains of Auricularia auricula.The results showed that 11 bands with different mobility were amplified from 24 strains of Auricularia auricula genomic.Cluster analysis results showed that when the genetic coefficient was 0.73,24 strains of Auricularia auricula could be divided into two groups,which was in good agreement with the results of antagonism.3.The genetic diversity of 24 strains of Auricularia auricula was analyzed by using SRAP molecular markers.A total of 133 polymorphic bands were amplified with genomic DNA of 24 strains,the size of which was ranging from 100 bp to 2 000 bp.On average,6 polymorphic bands were amplified with each primer.Cluster analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient were ranged from 0.56 to 1.0.When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.56,24 strains of Auricularia auricula were dividedinto two groups.The results of cluster analysis were basically consistent with the results of antagonistic test and esterase isozyme.4.The genomic DNA of 24 cultivated Auricularia auricula strains was amplified by ISSR Molecular marker.The 67 clear DNA polymorphic fragments were amplified,the size of which was 0.2-2 kb.The results of cluster analysis showed that the variation range of genetic similarity coefficient was 0.74-1.0,and when the genetic coefficient was 0.85,24 strains could be divided into two groups.The results of cluster analysis were basically same as the other three identification methods,which provides a theoretical basis for the classification and identification,and the selection of parents for genetic breeding of Auricularia auricula in the future.Finally,19 production strains of Auricularia auricula were selected as representative strains for product comparison test.The growth rate and growth potential of different strains were measured by cross-over method.Meanwhile,the agronomic characters,anti impurity ability and yield of different strains were measured by hanging bag cultivation method in Fuping area of northern mountainous area.The results showed that the four strains,Yesen I,Heidan I,Heishan,Heier Hou,were all excellent in yield,budding period,budding uniformity and ear piece shape.They are suitable to be the main varieties in the northern mountainous area.This study provides a scientific basis for the genetic breeding and the production strains selection of Auricularia auricula.