Study On The Effects And Simulation Of Environmental Factors On Tomato Growth Indicators Under Different Substrates

Tomato is one of the most widely distributed and most consumed vegetables in the world,and it is also one of the preferred crops for greenhouse planting structure adjustment.Environment is an important factor restricting crop growth.However,the current environmental management of greenhouse tomato cultivation depends on experience and lacks scientific basis,which is not conducive to greenhouse tomato growth,and can not meet the development trend of intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization at this stage.Therefore,it is important to find an environment suitable for greenhouse tomato growth and scientifically control the environment for tomato growth and development and greenhouse greenhouse intelligent control.The experiment was conducted in the plastic greenhouse of the Agricultural Water Laboratory of the Urban and Rural Construction College of Hebei Agricultural University from August 2018 to January 2019.The experiment used greenhouse tomato as the research object,and designed three different matrices(S1,S2 and S3.S1 is prepared in undisturbed soil,sand and vermiculite in an 8:1:1 volume.S2 is a nursery nutrient soil purchased from the Lianchi District Conservation and Cultivation Plant in Baoding City,Hebei Province.S3 is prepared from peat,perlite and vermiculite in a volume of 3:1:1.),two different irrigation amounts(W1 and W2.W2 is 75% of W1)and two fertilization amounts(F1 and F2.F2 is 70% of F1).The experiment was carried out to investigate the emergence and seedling growth of tomato under different substrate and different irrigation conditions,in order to provide reference for tomato planting and breeding,and to study the growth characteristics of tomato after planting under different substrates,different irrigation amounts and different fertilizer application rates.Looking for substrate treatment for tomato growth,and studying the correlation between environmental factors and tomato growth indicators,simulating the relationship between environmental factors and tomato growth indicators,it is important for scientific and rational regulation of environmental factors and promotion of tomato plant growth.The main results are as follows:The S3 substrate emerged neatly,the emergence rate was high,and the number of emergence of the seedlings was relatively high under low irrigation volume.Therefore,the S3 matrix can better meet the requirements of tomato seed germination for environmental conditions.Sowing 24 days and 37 days,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,fresh weight of shoots and dry weight of the above-ground parts of tomato S2W1 were significantly higher than other treatments,the root length,root diameter,root surface area and root volume of S2W1 and S3W1 tomato were significantly higher than other treatments.Therefore,the treatment of S2W1 is beneficial to the growth indicators of tomato seedlings and the growth of seedling roots.Plant S1,S2,S3 treatment of tomato plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,fresh weight of shoots,dry weight of shoots,root diameter,root length,number of root tips,fresh weight of the underground,dry weight of the underground The growth indicators all increase with the extension of the growth period.For S1 substrate,low fertilization amount and low irrigation amount are conducive to the growth of stem diameter and root diameter,and high fertilization amount or high irrigation amount is beneficial to the growth of corresponding tomato growth indicators.At the same time,the S2 matrix showed consistency,and the high fertilization amount or high irrigation amount was beneficial to the growth of the corresponding growth indicators of tomato.For the S3 matrix,in addition to the fresh weight of the underground,low fertilization and low irrigation are beneficial to the growth of other growth indicators of tomato.Temperature,air humidity,light intensity,soil temperature on plant S1,S2,S3 tomato plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,fresh weight of shoots,dry weight of shoots,root diameter,root length,number of root tips,The fresh weight in the ground and the dry weight in the ground are negatively correlated.Soil moisture,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium on plant S1,S2,S3 tomato plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weight,root diameter,root length,root tip The number,the fresh weight in the ground,and the dry weight in the ground are positively correlated.Nitrate nitrogen is different.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,fresh weight of shoots,dry weight of roots,root diameter,root length,number of root tips,fresh weight of underground and dry weight of underground parts of nitrate S1 and S3 Positively related.Nitrate nitrogen was negative on the plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,fresh weight of the ground,dry weight of the ground,root diameter,root length,root tip number,fresh weight of the underground and dry weight of the underground part of the substrate S2 tomato.Taking air temperature,air humidity,light intensity,soil temperature,soil moisture,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium as environmental factors.Greenhouse tomato plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,fresh weight of shoots,dry weight of shoots,root diameter,root length,number of root tips,fresh weight of the underground,and dry weight of the underground as growth indicators.Principal component analysis was used to fit the relationship between comprehensive environmental factors and integrated plant traits,and a model was established.The results show that the model has certain versatility and can be used to simulate environmental factors and greenhouse tomato growth indicators.In summary,the S3 substrate has the best seedling effect and can be used as a substrate for tomato seedlings.The high irrigation amount of S2 substrate is beneficial to the growth indicators of tomato seedlings and the growth of seedling roots.The effects of different environmental factors on tomato growth indicators after colonization were not consistent.The relationship between environmental factors and greenhouse tomato growth indicators could be further regulated by the model.